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Self-initiated continuation of and adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) after PrEP demonstration project roll-off in men who have sex with men: associations with risky decision making, impulsivity/disinhibition, and sensation seeking

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine differences in the levels of risky decision making and other frontal system behavior constructs in relation to self-initiated continuance of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and PrEP adherence outcomes among men who have sex with men (MSM) following completion of a clinical PrEP trial. At the last PrEP trial visit, study provided PrEP was discontinued and participants were navigated to the community for PrEP continuation. In this cross-sectional analysis, 84/187 (45%) MSM who completed a prospective observational post-PrEP trial follow-up visit at the University of California San Diego were included. PrEP adherence was measured using dried blood spot tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels. Risky decision making was assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), while impulsivity/disinhibition, sensation seeking, and substance use were assessed via standardized self-report questionnaires. A total of 58/84 (69%) of MSM who completed the 12-month post-study visit continued PrEP. Of those, n = 46 (79%) reached TFV-DP levels associated with adequate adherence. Individuals who elected to continue PrEP 12 months post-trial had riskier decision making on BART, but less impulsivity/disinhibition compared to individuals who did not continue PrEP. Neither risky decision making nor impulsivity/disinhibition/sensation seeking nor substance use correlated with PrEP adherence. Our findings suggest that those with risky decision making may have greater insight into their HIV risks, and therefore be more likely to continue to use PrEP. However, elevated impulsivity/disinhibition, indicative of greater neurobehavioral alterations, was negatively associated with PrEP continuance and is a potential target for future interventions to help people link to PrEP.

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Funding

This work was primarily supported by the Gilead Sciences, Inc., Investigator Sponsored Research (IN-US-276-2122) two NIH pilot grants (AI036214 and DA026306), and a California HIV Research Program (CHRP) grant (EI11-SD-005). In addition, the work was partially supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AI064086, MH081482, MH113477, MH062512, and AI106039).

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Author notes

  1. David J. Moore and Sheldon R. Morris shared Senior Authorship

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA

    Martin Hoenigl, Erin Morgan, Donald Franklin, Elizabeth Pasipanodya, Matthew Dawson, Marvin Hanashiro, Eric E. Ellorin, Jill Blumenthal, Robert Heaton, David J. Moore & Sheldon R. Morris

  2. Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Martin Hoenigl

  3. Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 200 W Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA

    Martin Hoenigl

  4. University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

    Peter L. Anderson

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  1. Martin Hoenigl
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for the California Collaborative Treatment Group (CCTG) 601 Team

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Correspondence to Martin Hoenigl.

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Conflict of interest

MH received research funding from Gilead, paid to his institution. PLA receives research grants and contracts from Gilead Sciences, paid to his institution. JB received educational research funding from Gilead. She also has served as a Gilead PrEP advisor. DJM has been supported as a co-investigator on an educational grant from Gilead. All other authors: no COIs.

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Hoenigl, M., Morgan, E., Franklin, D. et al. Self-initiated continuation of and adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) after PrEP demonstration project roll-off in men who have sex with men: associations with risky decision making, impulsivity/disinhibition, and sensation seeking. J. Neurovirol. 25, 324–330 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-018-0716-3

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