Abstract
We assessed ferumoxytol-enhanced brain MRI to identify monocyte/macrophage accumulation in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Four HIV-infected subjects with undetectable HIV RNA levels on antiretroviral therapy, HIV DNA level in CD14+ cells ≥10 copies/106 cells, and cognitive impairment underwent ferumoxytol-enhanced brain MRI. On post-ferumoxytol susceptibility-weighted images, all HIV-infected subjects demonstrated a diffuse “tram track” appearance in the perivascular regions of cortical and deep white matter vessels suggesting ferumoxytol uptake in monocytes/macrophages. This finding was not present in an HIV-seronegative control. While ferumoxytol may have potential as an imaging biomarker for monocyte/macrophage accumulation in patients with HAND, future study is needed.
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Acknowledgments
We thank our study participants and community physicians for their roles in this study.
Conflict of interest
Dr. Nakamoto has received research support from NIH (U54MD007584). Dr. Nakamoto declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Dr. Shikuma has received research support from NIH (U54MD007584, U54NS43049, P20RR011091, and R01HL095135) Pfizer, Merck, and Gilead Pharmaceuticals, and has served on an advisory board for Glaxo Smith Kline. Dr. Shikuma declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Mrs. Ogata-Arakaki declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Dr. Umaki declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Dr. Neuwelt has received research support from NIH (R01 CA137488, R01 NS044687, R01 NS053468). Dr. Neuwelt declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Dr. Shiramizu has received research support from NIH (R01NS053345, U54MD007584, U54NS43049). Dr. Shiramizu declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Dr. Chow has received research support from NIH (K23 HL088981). Dr. Chow declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Dr. Parikh declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Dr. Kallianpur has received research support from NIH (U54MD007584, U19MH081835, U54MD007584). Dr. Kallianpur declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Dr. Hamilton declares that she has no conflict of interest.
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Statistics performed by: Beau Nakamoto, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Nakamoto, B.K., Shikuma, C.M., Ogata-Arakaki, D. et al. Feasibility and potential role of ferumoxytol-enhanced neuroimaging in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. J. Neurovirol. 19, 601–605 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-013-0213-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-013-0213-7