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Species and genetic diversity of Bandicota (Murinae, Rodentia) from Myanmar based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences

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Abstract

Bandicoot rats (genus Bandicota), widely known as rodent pests, are abundant and widespread throughout the continental part of the Indo-Malayan realm. However, their evolutionary history is not yet well understood. The molecular phylogenetic relationships of the three bandicoot rat species, Bandicota bengalensis, Bandicota indica, and Bandicota savilei, were assessed based on the gene sequences of the specimens collected from Myanmar, where all three species occur along with database sequences. Early divergence of B. savilei (1.5–1.7 million years ago) was inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene and the nuclear interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (Irbp), and melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r) gene sequences. The Cytb lineage of B. bengalensis from Sri Lanka was distinct from the monophyletic lineage of the continental lineages of B. bengalensis and B. indica. This can be explained by the preservation of ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the insular population owing to female philopatry and male dispersal, given that no substantial intraspecies geographic subdivision was observed in the nuclear markers. The paraphyletic relationship of B. bengalensis with B. indica may be explained by introgression of the mtDNA from B. bengalensis to B. indica, but further investigation is required to confirm this. B. bengalensis Cytb sequences from a wide area of Myanmar had limited nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00079), implying that the genetic diversity of B. bengalensis in Myanmar was acquired through Holocene human activities.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to express our gratitude to Pho Kaung, Nyunt Pe, Thet Tun Aung, Nyunt Soe, Maung Thynn, Myinzu Minn, Hla Win, Khin San Wai, and Mie Sein for their encouragement regarding this research collaboration. Our appreciation and thanks also go to Jun J. Sato, Khin Maung Htwe, Khin Maung Than, Mie Kyaw, Myo Myo Aye, Ryo Nakao, and Satoshi Odachi for their assistance with collecting the rat samples. Furthermore, we wish to acknowledge the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

Funding

This work was conducted with support from JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17H04604. The study was also supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JS18H05508, 24405045, 26304035, and 17H04638, and by a grant-in-aid from the Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, AMED (JP15fk0108005, JP16fk0108117, JP17fk0108217, and JP18fk0108017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 5, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    Satoko Mori & Hitoshi Suzuki

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Yangon, Yangon, 11041, Myanmar

    Thidalay Thwe & Wai Min Thu

  3. Mammalian Genetics Project, Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

    Shumpei P. Yasuda

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar

    Saw Bawm

  5. Laboratory of Bioresources, Ooyo Seibutsu Co., Ltd., Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan

    Kimiyuki Tsuchiya

  6. Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan

    Ken Katakura

  7. lnfectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan

    Satoru Arai

  8. Department of Microbiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan

    Kumiko Yoshimatsu

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  1. Satoko Mori
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Correspondence to Hitoshi Suzuki.

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Kimiyuki Tsuchiya died on 5 June 2018.

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Mori, S., Thwe, T., Thu, W.M. et al. Species and genetic diversity of Bandicota (Murinae, Rodentia) from Myanmar based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Mamm Res 65, 493–502 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-020-00491-1

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