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Small mammals respond to extreme habitat fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest according to the landscape continuum model

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Abstract

There are several factors that can determine the pattern of habitat use by species in fragmented habitats. Here we investigated the applicability of the continuum model, which predicts that habitat use varies in a continuous way and not categorically like habitat and not-habitat, for small mammal habitat use. We also investigated if habitat-related guilds of species can change their habitual pattern of habitat use in an extremely altered landscape. This study was conducted in a highly fragmented area of Atlantic Forest in Brazil, where forest fragments are immersed in a pasture matrix. We captured mammals using pitfall traps placed in six sampling sites. In each of these sites, we selected four of five different habitats that were available in the local landscape: high-elevation forests without stream, low-elevation forests with stream, forest edges, pasture matrix without stream, and pasture matrix with stream. This study revealed that the theory of the continuum model can be applied for investigating patterns of use of fragmented forests by small mammals. We also observed, in general, low tolerance of forest species to the most disturbed habitat, the pasture matrix without stream. However, a small increase in the complexity of the vegetation, as observed in riparian pasture matrices, seems to mitigate this negative effect, making the abundance, richness, and diversity of small mammals comparable to forest habitats. These results indicate that the presence of streams may facilitate the use of the pasture matrix, contributing for the maintenance of the original community in the fragmented forest.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to assistance of 10 landholders who granted access to their proprieties. We are grateful to the Brazilian Institute for Environmental Resources (licenses 02027.002755/2004-16, N. 567/05; 42831494, N. 12739-1). We thank B. D. A. A. Santos, R. G. Becker, C. G. Becker and several other colleagues for field assistance. We thank R. G. Becker for article revision and suggestions.

Funding

This research was funded by British Ecological Society (grant no. 960/1194), Fundação de Desenvolvimento da Unicamp, and Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (grant no. 2007/56410-1). GP (grant no. 142089/2006-0), EMV (grant no. 300286/1999-6), and PIP (grant no. 303878/2008-8) were supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PPG in Ecology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, CP 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil

    Gabriela Paise

  2. Department of Biology, Institute of Bioscience, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, 63105-010, Brazil

    Gabriela Paise

  3. Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, CP 04457, Brasília, DF, 70919-970, Brazil

    Emerson M. Vieira

  4. Department of Ecology, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, no 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil

    Paulo Inácio Prado

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  1. Gabriela Paise
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Correspondence to Gabriela Paise.

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Communicated by: Karol Zub

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 3 Species of small mammals (rodents and didelphid marsupials), habitat of preference: forest species (F, use preferably forested areas), generalist species (G, use both forest and open habitats), and open-area species (O, use open areas preferably); and number of individuals captured in the five types of habitats (PS, pasture matrix with stream; PM, pasture matrix without stream; FE, forest edge; FS, low-elevation forest with stream; FH, high-elevation forest without stream) in Atlantic forest, Brazil. The species preferred habitat was determined with data available on previous studies (Emmons and Feer 1997; Gomes 1991; Hershkovitz 1998; Oliveira and Bonvicino 2006; Rossi et al. 2006; Voss et al. 2005)
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Paise, G., Vieira, E.M. & Prado, P.I. Small mammals respond to extreme habitat fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest according to the landscape continuum model. Mamm Res 65, 309–322 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-019-00464-z

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