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Effect of changing temperatures from the spawning and egg stages to the emerging adult stage on the induction of reproductive diapause in females of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

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Abstract

Overwintering females in the third generation of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) entered reproductive diapause with undeveloped ovarian eggs. Ovarian development in females collected before the winter solstice was retarded, but development proceeded normally thereafter. Neither length of photoperiod nor changing photoperiods affected the induction of reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause of P. pentagona was induced when the temperature decreased to around 20 °C from the high temperature conditions of the previous generation spawning and current generation egg stages. A transfer test was conducted to elucidate temperature sensitivity, from 25 °C in the spawning and egg stages to 20 °C at various developmental stages. The sensitive stage for the induction of reproductive diapause was a few days after the emergence of females. Under natural conditions, first-generation eggs encounter temperatures below 20 °C in May and adults encounter the high temperatures in June to July and develop normally. Second-generation insects encounter temperatures of 24 °C or higher in July to August and develop normally as adults. In contrast, third-generation eggs encounter temperatures of 24 °C or higher in September and the adults encounter temperatures of 22 °C or lower in October, and reproductive diapause is induced. This paper will discuss the seasonal adaptations of P. pentagona in relation to regional climate conditions and the voltinism of two or three generations per year.

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Acknowledgements

I thank T. Mitsunaga for conducting the data analysis and for providing comments of this paper. I also thank S. Yoneyama, N. Kamiya, K. Sato and T. Mizuta for collecting local strains of P. pentagona. I would like to pay tribute to S. Kubota, who was the first to give a presentation on the induction of reproductive diapause in P. pentagona under diurnal temperature variation. I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for providing me with their thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.

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  1. Mitsuyoshi Takeda

    Present address: Central Region Agricultural Research Center (Kanto, Tokai and Hokuriku Regions), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Mie, 514-2392, Japan

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  1. Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2769 Shishidoi, Kanaya, Shimada, Shizuoka, 428-8501, Japan

    Mitsuyoshi Takeda

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Takeda, M. Effect of changing temperatures from the spawning and egg stages to the emerging adult stage on the induction of reproductive diapause in females of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Appl Entomol Zool 57, 15–25 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-021-00757-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-021-00757-3

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