Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to the Americas and has recently invaded Okinawa, Japan via Africa, South Asia and China. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of hexane extracts of 100 abdominal glands of Okinawan females revealed six candidate compounds for sex pheromone, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac, ca. 6 ng/female), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac), (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol at the ratio of 100:10:1.3:0.90:0.13:1.8, respectively. In Okinawa, only small numbers of males were captured with the original blend of these compounds. However, much more males were attracted to a 100:3 blend of Z9-14:Ac and Z7-12:Ac that had been suggested by others to be the most effective blend in a Florida population. In another test in Okinawa, even more males were captured with a 100:1 blend of these compounds than with a 100:3 blend. Significant numbers of males of other moths, Mythimna loreyi (Duponchel) and Chrysodeixis eriosoma (Doubleday), were also attracted to blends of Z9-14:Ac and Z7-12:Ac when the ratio of the latter to the former compound was increased from 100:1 to 100:10. Based on these results we concluded that the most powerful as well as convenient sex pheromone formulation to monitor S. frugiperda populations in Okinawa was a 100:1 blend of Z9-14:Ac and Z7-12:Ac.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Hiroe Yasui of the Central Region Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) for helpful discussion to conduct the present study and Dr. Seiji Tanaka for critical reading and invaluable improvements on the manuscript.
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Wakamura, S., Arakaki, N. & Yoshimatsu, Si. Sex pheromone of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of a “Far East” population from Okinawa, Japan. Appl Entomol Zool 56, 19–25 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00703-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00703-9