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Detection of symbionts and virus in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), vector of the Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in Central India

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Abstract

Legume crops in Central India, the main soybean production area of the country, may suffer from yellow mosaic disease caused by the Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). MYMIV is transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), which is a species complex composed of various genetic groups. This vector species harbors different endosymbionts among regional strains and among individuals. To elucidate fundamental aspects of this virus vector in the state of Madhya Pradesh, the infection status of the symbionts and the virus in whiteflies was studied. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) survey of the whiteflies collected in Madhya Pradesh found four secondary endosymbionts, Arsenophonus, Hemipteriphilus, Wolbachia, and Cardinium, in addition to the primary endosymbiont Portiera. Arsenophonus and Hemipteriphilus were highly infected but the infection rates of Wolbachia and Cardinium were low. MYMIV was detected in whitefly populations collected from various host plants in Madhya Pradesh. The whitefly populations belonged to the Asia I and II genetic groups; several different Asia II populations were also distributed. Specific relations were not observed among symbiont infection status, virus infection, and the whitefly genetic groups in the populations of Madhya Pradesh, though Cardinium was highly detected in the Asia II-1 group. New primers, which can be used for PCR template validation and for discriminating two phylogenetically close endosymbionts, were designed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to K. Taniwaki, project leader of the Japan International Cooperation Agency, M. Ohata, project coordinator, S. S. Tomar, former project manager, and H. S. Yadav, Director of Research Services, for their support and encouragement of this work. We thank T. Tsuchida of the University of Toyama for providing whitefly samples collected from Okinawa, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (RVSKVV), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452 001, India

    Parveen G. Ansari, Rakesh K. Singh, Shruti Kaushik & Ashok Krishna

  2. Soybean Project, College of Agriculture, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), ADR Building Research Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452 001, India

    Takashi Wada & Hiroaki Noda

  3. National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Hiroaki Noda

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  1. Parveen G. Ansari
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  2. Rakesh K. Singh
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  3. Shruti Kaushik
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  4. Ashok Krishna
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  5. Takashi Wada
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Correspondence to Rakesh K. Singh or Hiroaki Noda.

Electronic supplementary material

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13355_2017_510_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 147 kb) Online Resource 1. Twelve districts in the state of Madhya Pradesh where whiteflies were collected

13355_2017_510_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Supplementary material 2 (PDF 726 kb) Online Resource 2. Alignment of COI sequences of whiteflies collected in Madhya Pradesh. Nucleotide sequences of 900 bp from 60 whiteflies were aligned using GENETYX software. Base on the sequence variation, the sequences were divided into six groups. Phylogenetic clustering analysis in Fig. 2 indicated that the six groups corresponded to 35 genetic groups, Asia I, two of Asia II-1 (a and b), Asia II-5, and two of Asia II-7 (a and b). The other eight sequences from 68 whiteflies analyzed were excluded from the alignment because they contained ambiguous nucleotides.

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Ansari, P.G., Singh, R.K., Kaushik, S. et al. Detection of symbionts and virus in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), vector of the Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in Central India. Appl Entomol Zool 52, 567–579 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-017-0510-3

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