Abstract
Species from the genus Mayetiola are observed in the main cereal cultures of Tunisia. Some researchers have studied M. destructor that attacks wheat and M. hordei that attacks barley. However, a third important species observed in oat, M. avenae, has not been studied and is not well documented in Tunisia. A method to easily separate the species is needed to clarify the occurrences of these gall midge species. This study aimed to first distinguish between the three species of gall midges by molecular characterization and second to reveal the phylogenetic relationships within and between the three species of Mayetiola collected from 5 different regions of northern Tunisia. To achieve these purposes, two regions of the mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene, and the 16S rRNA gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. For each marker, a set of 75 individuals were used for DNA analysis. Phylogenetic trees were created using the DNA sequences of all samples from the 3 species. Results showed significant separation of the three different species into dissimilar clades. Each clade contained only specimens from the same species. Differences were observed between DNA sequences of the same species. The differences within the same species were not representative of geographical variations but coexisted within a population Therefore, using the COI and 16S rRNA genes as markers can clearly separate M. avenae, M. destructor and M. hordei.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Associate Professor Makoto Tokuda of the Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Japan for advice on primers, enzymes and methods for isolation, identification and analysis of the COI genes. We are also grateful to Wataru Ishiguro Master’s student of the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan for help with the laboratory experiments, and Professor Yooichi Kainoh and Associate Professor Seiichi Furukawa of the Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan, for their advice and support. This research was supported with funds for the faculty from the University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Cherif, A., Kinoshita, N., Taylor, D. et al. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic comparisons of three Mayetiola species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infesting cereals in Tunisia. Appl Entomol Zool 52, 543–551 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-017-0507-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-017-0507-y