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Establishment and yearly/seasonal occurrence of the exotic coccidophagous ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in citrus groves in Shizuoka City, central Japan: a 5-year survey on adult numbers

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Abstract

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a ladybird native to Australia, preying on mealybugs and soft scales, and has been utilized worldwide as a biological control agent. It has long been recognized that C. montrouzieri that was introduced into the main island of Japan had failed to become established. The present study monitored yearly and seasonal occurrence of C. montrouzieri adults in citrus groves at Shizuoka Prefectural Fruit Tree Research Center in Shizuoka City, central Japan in 2008–2012 by using sticky traps and beating citrus trees. Adults of C. montrouzieri were continuously captured for 5 and 4 years in a pesticide-free citrus grove and a neighboring reduced-pesticide grove, respectively. Larvae of C. montrouzieri were observed consuming a cottony scale, Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell, on citrus trees. These results provide unequivocal evidence for the ladybird’s establishment in central Japan. The number of trapped ladybird adults exhibited four peaks a year: in mid-April, early to late June, mid-August, and late September to early October. Adult numbers in each grove varied largely across years, showing a great increase followed by a rapid decline during a period of 4 years. Factors affecting the seasonal/yearly occurrence of C. montrouzieri adults in citrus groves are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (no. 1111 in ‘Selection of functional biodiversity indicators and development of assessment methods’ in 2008–2011).

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  1. Shuji Kaneko

    Present address: Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Osaka, 583-0862, Japan

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  1. Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Fruit Tree Research Center, Shizuoka, 424-0905, Japan

    Shuji Kaneko

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  1. Shuji Kaneko
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Correspondence to Shuji Kaneko.

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Kaneko, S. Establishment and yearly/seasonal occurrence of the exotic coccidophagous ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in citrus groves in Shizuoka City, central Japan: a 5-year survey on adult numbers. Appl Entomol Zool 52, 231–240 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-016-0471-y

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