Abstract
A conventional method to define short-term climate anomalies for atmospheric and oceanic variables, recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), is the departure from a 30-yr climatological mean in the preceding three decades. Such a method, however, introduces spurious errors such as sudden jumps and artificial trends. A new method, named a trend correctional method, is introduced to eliminate the errors. To demonstrate the capability of this new method, we examine a set of idealized cases first by superposing a “true” interannual or interdecadal signal onto a linear or a nonlinear trend. Comparing to the conventional method, the trend correctional method is able to retain, to a large extent, the “true” anomaly signals. Next, we examined real-time indices. The anomaly time series derived based on the trend correctional method show a better agreement with the observed anomaly series. The root-mean-square error is greatly improved, comparing to that calculated based on the conventional method. Therefore, the results from both the idealized and real cases demonstrate that the new method has a clear advantage to the conventional method in deriving true climate anomalies, in particular under the ongoing global warming circumstance.
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Acknowledgments
The authors appreciate the use of the 20th Century Reanalysis Project version 2c dataset from the Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER) at U.S. Department of Energy, the global surface mean temperature index from NASA, and the Niño indices from the NOAA Climate Program Office.
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Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42088101), NOAA of US (NA18OAR4310298), and National Science Foundation of US (AGS-2006553).
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Chen, X., Li, T. An Improved Method for Defining Short-Term Climate Anomalies. J Meteorol Res 35, 1012–1022 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-021-1139-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-021-1139-2