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Advances in research on atmospheric energy propagation and the interactions between different latitudes

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Abstract

Early theoretical analyses indicated that the tropics and extratropics are relatively independent due to the existence of critical latitudes. However, considerable observational evidence has shown that a clear dynamical link exists between the tropics and midlatitudes. To better understand such atmospheric teleconnection, several theories of wave energy propagation are reviewed in this paper: (1) great circle theory, which reveals the characteristics of Rossby waves propagating in the spherical atmosphere; (2) westerly duct theory, which suggests a “corridor” through which the midlatitude disturbances in one hemisphere can propagate into the other hemisphere; (3) energy accumulation-wave emanation theory, which proposes processes through which tropical disturbances can affect the atmospheric motion in higher latitudes; (4) equatorial wave expansion theory, which further explains the physical mechanisms involved in the interaction between the tropics and extratropics; and (5) meridional basic flow theory, which argues that stationary waves can propagate across the tropical easterlies under certain conditions. In addition, the progress made in diagnosing wave-flow interaction, particularly for Rossby waves, inertial-gravity waves, and Kelvin waves, is also reviewed. The meridional propagation of atmospheric energy exhibits significant annual and interannual variations, closely related to ENSO and variation in the westerly jets and tropical upper-tropospheric troughs, amongst others.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Song Yang  (杨 崧) & Kaiqiang Deng  (邓开强)

  2. Institute of Earth Climate and Environment System, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Song Yang  (杨 崧) & Kaiqiang Deng  (邓开强)

  3. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA

    Mingfang Ting  (丁敏芳)

  4. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Chundi Hu  (胡春迪)

Authors
  1. Song Yang  (杨 崧)
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  2. Kaiqiang Deng  (邓开强)
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  3. Mingfang Ting  (丁敏芳)
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  4. Chundi Hu  (胡春迪)
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kaiqiang Deng  (邓开强).

Additional information

Supported by the National (Key) Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (2014CB953900), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375081), LASW State Key Laboratory Special Fund (2013LASW-A05), and China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund (GYHY201406018).

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Yang, S., Deng, K., Ting, M. et al. Advances in research on atmospheric energy propagation and the interactions between different latitudes. J Meteorol Res 29, 859–883 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-015-5088-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-015-5088-5

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