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Chitosan nanoparticles laden contact lenses for enzyme-triggered controlled delivery of timolol maleate: A promising strategy for managing glaucoma

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Abstract

To improve drug bioavailability, eye drops can be replaced by drug-eluting contact lenses. However, issues of drug leaching from lenses during manufacture and storage, and sterilization, currently limit their commercial application. To address the issues, stimuli-(lysozyme)-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles were developed to provide controlled ocular drug delivery. Nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation and characterized by TEM, X-ray diffraction, DSC, and FTIR. In the flux study, conventional-soaked contact lenses (SM-TM-CL) showed high-burst release, while with direct drug-only laden contact lenses (DL-TM-CL) the drug was lost during extraction and sterilization, as well as having poor swelling and optical properties. The nanoparticle-laden contact lenses (TM-Cht-NPs) showed controlled release of timolol for 120 h in the presence of lysozyme, with acceptable opto-physical properties. In the shelf-life study, the TM-Cht-NPs contact lenses showed no leaching or alteration in the drug release pattern. In animal studies, the TM-NPs-CL lenses gave a high drug concentration in rabbit tear fluid (mean = 11.01 µg/mL for 56 h) and helped maintain a low intraocular pressure for 120 h. In conclusion, the chitosan nanoparticle-laden contact lenses demonstrated the potential application to treat glaucoma with acceptable opto-physical properties and addressed the issues of drug-leaching during sterilization and storage.

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Funding

The author gratefully acknowledges the funding of this work by Student Startup & Innovation Policy grant (SSIP/498/2021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Furqan A. Maulvi & Mark D. P. Willcox

  2. Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, 394350, India

    Furqan A. Maulvi, Ashmi R. Patel, Kiran H. Shetty & Ditixa T. Desai

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Dinesh O. Shah

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  1. Furqan A. Maulvi
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Contributions

Furqan A. Maulvi: Supervision, Methodology, Project administration, Writing - Review & Editing; Ashmi R. Patel: Writing - Original Draft, Formal analysis; Kiran H. Shetty: Data Curation, Software; Ditixa T. Desai: Resources, Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Validation; Dinesh O. Shah: Supervision, Visualization; Mark D.P. Willcox: Supervision, Investigation.

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Correspondence to Ditixa T. Desai.

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The animal experiment was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines set forth by the animal ethical committee of Maliba Pharmacy College (Gujarat, India) and received prior approval under Protocol no: MPC/IAEC/01/2021.

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Maulvi, F.A., Patel, A.R., Shetty, K.H. et al. Chitosan nanoparticles laden contact lenses for enzyme-triggered controlled delivery of timolol maleate: A promising strategy for managing glaucoma. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-024-01543-8

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