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Development and evaluation of transdermal delivery system of tranylcypromine for the treatment of depression

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Abstract

Tranylcypromine (logP = 1.34, MW = 133.19 g/mol) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor used in treating major depressive disorder and is available only as oral tablets. Transdermal delivery of tranylcypromine minimizes hepatic and gastrointestinal side effects associated with oral dosing and prevents systemic side effects improving patient compliance. A two-day suspension-based transdermal delivery method was developed in this study, and the delivery of tranylcypromine across dermatomed porcine ear skin was evaluated. Different penetration enhancers were screened, namely, isopropyl myristate, oleyl alcohol, oleic acid, and a combination of oleic acid and oleyl alcohol. Isopropyl myristate was chosen as the penetration enhancer, and suspension-based transdermal patches were formulated with acrylate and polyisobutylene pressure-sensitive adhesives by the solvent evaporation method. The release liner and backing membrane were chosen, and the drying time for each patch was optimized. The optimized patches were characterized for their adhesive properties, drying time, peel test, shear strength, and uniformity in drug content. In vitro permeation studies were performed on dermatomed porcine ear skin using vertical static Franz diffusion cells, and the receptor samples were collected at predetermined time points for 48 h. The samples were analyzed in a validated UPLC method. Acrylate-based suspension patch delivered a significantly higher amount of drug (712 ± 21.46 μg/cm2) as compared to passive delivery from drug dissolved in propylene glycol (461.49 ± 75.55 μg/cm2), reaching the two-day therapeutic target. However, the PIB-based suspension patch delivered 559.25 ± 12.37 μg/cm2 of tranylcypromine across the skin but did not reach the required target.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are included in the manuscript.

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

IPM:

Isopropyl myristate

LOD :

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

OA:

Oleic acid

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PIB:

Polyisobutylene

PG:

Propylene glycol

PSA:

Pressure sensitive adhesive

TDS:

Transdermal delivery system

UPLC:

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA

    Nisha Shrestha & Ajay K. Banga

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  1. Nisha Shrestha
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  2. Ajay K. Banga
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Contributions

Nisha Shrestha: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, visualization, and writing—original draft. Ajay K. Banga: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Ajay K. Banga.

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Shrestha, N., Banga, A.K. Development and evaluation of transdermal delivery system of tranylcypromine for the treatment of depression. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 13, 1048–1058 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-022-01269-5

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