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Consideration of the efficacy of non-ionic vesicles in the targeted delivery of oral vaccines

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Abstract

The fundamentals of this research were to exploit non-ionic surfactant technology for delivery and administration of vaccine antigens across the oral route and to gain a better understanding of vaccine trafficking. Using a newly developed method for manufacture of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes and bilosomes) lower process temperatures were adopted thus reducing antigen exposure to potentially damaging conditions. Vesicles prepared by this method offered high protection to enzymatic degradation, with only ∼10 % antigen loss measured when vesicles incorporating antigen were exposed to enzyme digestion. Interestingly, when formulated using this new production method, the addition of bile salt to the vesicles offered no advantage in terms of stability within simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. Considering their ability to deliver antigen to their target site, results demonstrated that incorporation of antigen within vesicles enhanced delivery and targeting of the antigen to the Peyer’s Patch, again with niosomes and bilosomes offering similar efficiency. Delivery to both the Peyer’s patches and mesentery lymphatics was shown to be dose dependent at lower concentrations, with saturation kinetics applying at higher concentrations. This demonstrates that in the formulation of vaccine delivery systems, the lipid/antigen dose ratio is not only a key factor in production cost, but is equally a key factor in the kinetics of delivery and targeting of a vaccine system.

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Acknowledgments

Jitinder Singh Wilkhu was funded via a BBSRC Industrial Case Award (BB/ G017948/1) and Variation Biotechnologies Inc. Sarah McNeil has no conflict of Interest. David E Anderson is the Vice President of Research at Variation Biotechnologies Inc and provided part funding for the research. Yvonne Perrie received funding from BBSRC Industrial Case Award (BB/G017948/1) and Variation Biotechnologies Inc.

Ethical statement

All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed. The experiments within this study comply with the current laws within the UK.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK

    Jitinder S. Wilkhu, Sarah E. McNeil & Yvonne Perrie

  2. Variation Biotechnologies, 222 Third Street, Suite 2241, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA

    David E. Anderson

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  1. Jitinder S. Wilkhu
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  2. Sarah E. McNeil
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  4. Yvonne Perrie
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Correspondence to Yvonne Perrie.

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Wilkhu, J.S., McNeil, S.E., Anderson, D.E. et al. Consideration of the efficacy of non-ionic vesicles in the targeted delivery of oral vaccines. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 4, 233–245 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-013-0174-7

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