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Clinical parameters correlated with the psoas muscle index in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Aims

Muscle atrophy is a diabetic complication, which results in a deterioration in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals. The psoas muscle mass index (PMI) is a reliable indicator for estimating whole-body muscle mass. We aimed to examine the relationship between clinical parameters and the PMI to clarify the mechanism underlying muscle atrophy in diabetes.

Methods

This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined 51 patients (31 men and 20 women) with T2DM and a mean HbA1c value of 9.9 ± 1.7%. These patients were admitted to Aichi Medical University Hospital and underwent abdominal computed tomography imaging from July 2020 to April 2021. Multiple clinical parameters were assessed with the PMI.

Results

In a multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, the PMI was correlated with body weight, body mass index, serum concentrations of corrected calcium, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), urinary C-peptide concentrations, the free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio, and the young adult mean score at the femur neck. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created using TSH concentrations and the FT3/FT4 ratio for diagnosing a low PMI. The area under the curve was 0.593 and 0.699, respectively. The cut-off value with maximum accuracy for TSH concentrations was 1.491 μIU/mL, sensitivity was 56.1%, and specificity was 80.0%. Corresponding values for the FT3/FT4 ratio were 1.723, 78.0, and 66.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

TSH concentrations and the FT3/FT4 ratio are correlated with the PMI, and their thresholds may help prevent muscle mass loss in Japanese individuals with T2DM.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the staff of the Division of Diabetes for collecting the clinical data, and Masato Yamauchi for guiding us in measuring the area of the psoas muscles by CT images. We thank Ellen Knapp, PhD, from Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan

    Emi Asano-Hayami, Yoshiaki Morishita, Tomohide Hayami, Yuka Shibata, Toshiki Kiyose, Sachiko Sasajima, Yusuke Hayashi, Mikio Motegi, Makoto Kato, Saeko Asano, Hiromi Nakai-Shimoda, Yuichiro Yamada, Emiri Miura-Yura, Tatsuhito Himeno, Masaki Kondo, Shin Tsunekawa, Yoshiro Kato, Jiro Nakamura & Hideki Kamiya

  2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan

    Yuka Shibata

  3. Department of Innovative Diabetes Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan

    Tatsuhito Himeno & Jiro Nakamura

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  1. Emi Asano-Hayami
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  2. Yoshiaki Morishita
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by EA-H, YM, and TH. The first draft of the manuscript was written by EA-H, YM, and TH and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoshiaki Morishita.

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Conflict of interest

Hideki Kamiya received lecture fees from Novo Nordisk Pharma, Sanofi, Sumitomo Pharma, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, Ono Pharmaceutical, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Kowa, Novartis Pharma, MSD, and Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho. Jiro Nakamura received lecture fees from MSD, Novo Nordisk Pharma, Sanofi, Daiichi Sankyo, Ono Pharmaceutical, Novartis Pharma, Taisho Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and Terumo. Hideki Kamiya and Jiro Nakamura received research funding from Eli Lilly Japan, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Kissei Pharmaceutical. Hideki Kamiya and Jiro Nakamura received subsidies or donations from MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo, Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Japan Tobacco, Novo Nordisk Pharma, and Taisho Pharmaceutical. Hideki Kamiya and Jiro Nakamura received endowed departments by commercial entities from Ono Pharmaceutical, Abbott Japan, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Kowa, and Terumo. The remaining authors (E Asano-Hayami, Yoshiaki Morishita, T Hayami, Y Shibata, T Kiyose, S Sasajima, Y Hayashi, M Motegi, M Kato, S Asano, H Nakai-Shimoda, Y Yamada, E Miura-Yura, T Himeno, M Kondo, S Tsunekawa, and Y Kato) declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Aichi Medical University (approval number: 2019–133, approval date: 01/10/2020). This study was conducted in compliance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained by the opt-out methods on the website of Aichi Medical University Hospital (https://www.aichi-med-u.ac.jp/hospital/files/byoin/rinH_2019-149.pdf).

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Asano-Hayami, E., Morishita, Y., Hayami, T. et al. Clinical parameters correlated with the psoas muscle index in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Int 14, 76–85 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-022-00602-0

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