Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of bean common mosaic virus on seed germination and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) breeding lines and characterisation of virus strains

  • Original Article
  • Published:
VirusDisease Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study was conducted to characterise bean common mosaic virus strain Blackeye (BCMV-BICM) and determine the likelihood of seed transmission in cowpea breeding lines. F6 cowpea lines obtained from crosses between ‘Ife-Brown’ and ‘IT-95 K-193-12’ were planted at five locations in Southwest Nigeria for multilocational evaluation. Virus symptoms were observed on leaves of the breeding lines planted in Ibadan at eight weeks after planting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the presence of six viruses: BCMV-BICM, cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, cowpea mottle virus, southern bean mosaic virus and cowpea mild mottle virus. Seed transmission tests were carried out to determine virus transmission by seeds while growth and yield components of the cowpea lines were obtained. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were also used to characterise the BCMV-BICM isolates. The observed symptoms, leaf curling and mosaics, were typical of BCMV-BICM infection and ELISA results confirmed the presence of only BCMV-BICM. Line ‘L-22-B’ had the highest yield of 1653.9 kgha−1 followed by ‘L-43-A’ (1072 kgha−1). A non-significant relationship existed between the virus and germination parameters and similarly, the relationship between virus titres and yield parameters was not significant. Sequence analysis of the virus coat protein (CP) gene revealed the presence of three isolates with 96.87–97.47% nucleotide and 98.2–98.65% amino acid similarities and a 99.10–99.55% match with BCMV-BICM CP genes in GenBank. The deduced CP gene sequences showed unique changes at specific sites, while phylogenetic inferences revealed at least two separate origins for the isolates. Seed transmission is evident in all the cowpea breeding lines and ‘L-22-B’ and ‘L-43-A’ showed significant tolerance to BCMV-BICM. Thus, it is recommended that seeds from infected fields should not be used for further planting to prevent the introduction of viruses into new areas where their effect could be devastating in susceptible lines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abarshi MM, Mohammed IU, Wasswa P, Hillocks RJ, Holt J, Legg JP, Seal SE, Maruthi MN. Optimization of diagnostic RT-PCR protocols and sampling procedures for the reliable and cost- effective detection of Cassava brown streak virus. J Virol Meth. 2010;163:353–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Abdullahi I, Ikotun T, Winter S, Thottappilly G, Atiri GI. Investigation on seed transmission of Cucumber mosaic virus in cowpea. Afr Crop Sci J. 2001;9(4):677–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Adams FK, Kumar PL, Kwoseh C, Ogunsanya P, Akromah R, Tetteh R. Seed transmission of bean common mosaic virus - blackeye cowpea mosaic strain (BCMV-BlCM) threaten cowpea seed health in the Ashanti and Brong-Ahafo regions of Ghana. J Hort Sci. 2021;16(2):251–60.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Adebisi MA, Ajala MO, Daniel IO, Fasan KO. Pre-sowing treatment for improving seed quality in West African rice varieties seedling emergence and seedling growth. Niger Agric J. 2005;37:159–67.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Adediji AO, Atiri GI. First report of Basella rugose mosaic virus infecting Basella alba in Nigeria. J Plant Pathol. 2020;102:947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Adediji AO, Fakolujo TI, Atiri GI. Occurrence and molecular characterization of Pepper veinal mottle virus from solanaceous crops. Int J Veg Sci. 2020;27:187–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Adetumbi JA, Akinyosoye ST, Agbeleye OA, Kareem KT, Oduwaye OF, Adebayo GA, Olakojo SA. Genetic variability in the agronomic traits, inheritance pattern of seed coat colour and response to brown blotch, disease among cowpea hybrids. Euphytica. 2019;215:142–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Adetumbi JA, Teixeira da Silva JA, Alamu O. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) seed germination indices and yield as affected by length of storage. Seed Sci Biotech. 2011;5(1):11–4.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Aishwarya P, Rangaswamy KT, Basavaraju S, Raghavendra A, Kedarnath G, Rudraswamy KP, Prameela HA. Evaluation of the seed-borne nature of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in cowpea. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2020;9:239–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Altschul SF, Warren G, Webb M, Eugene WM, David JL. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol. 1990;215:403–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Anabestani A, Behjatnia SAA, Izadpanah K, Tabein S, Accotto GP. Seed transmission of beet curly top virus and beet curly top Iran virus in a local cultivar of Petunia in Iran. Viruses. 2017;9(10):299.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Boari AJ, Cordovil GA, Kauffmann CM, Gavinho BES, Quadros AFF, et al. Bean common mosaic virus infecting manteiguinha cowpea (Vigna unguiculata): seed transmission, evaluation of yield loss and genetic resistance. Trop Plant Pathol. 2022;47:450–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Booker HM, Umaharan P, McDavid CR. Effect of cowpea severe mosaic on crop growth characteristics and yield of cowpea. Plant Dis. 2005;89:515–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bradamante G, Scheid OM, Incarbone M. Under siege: virus control in plant meristems and progeny. Plant Cell. 2021;33(8):2523–37.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. CPC (Crop Protection Compendium). CAB International. Wallingford, UK: CAB, International. Pest of Vigna unguiculata. 2007 edition.

  16. Damayanti TA, Susilo D, Nurlaelah S, Sartiami D, Okuno T, Mise K. First report of Bean common mosaic virus in yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) in Indonesia. J Gen Plant Pathol. 2008;74:438–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. El-Sawy MA, Mohamed HAE, Elsharkawy MM. Serological and molecular characterization of the Egyptian isolate of Bean common mosaic virus. Arch Phytopathol. 2013;47:1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  18. FAOSTAT (FAO Statistical Database). Food and Agricultural commodities production. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (2022).

  19. Flores-Estevez N, Acosta-Gallegos JA, Silva-Rosales L. Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in Mexico. Plant Dis. 2003;87:21–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl Acids Sym Ser. 1999;41:95–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hao NB, Albrechtsen SE, Nicolaisen MC. Detection and identification of the blackeye cowpea mosaic strain of Bean common mosaic virus in seeds of Vigna unguiculata spp. from North Vietnam. Australas Plant Pathol. 2003;32:505–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hughes Jd’A, Naidu RA, Shoyinka SA. Future of plant virus disease research in sub-Sahara African Agriculture, In: Hughes Jd’A, Odu BO. (Eds.). Proceedings of a Conference on Plant Virology in Sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria, IITA. 2003. P.589.

  23. Hull R. Plant Virology (5th ed.). New York: Academic Press. 2014.

  24. ISTA. International Rules for Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Zurich, Switzerland. 2003. pp.1–121.

  25. ISTA. Proposal for a new method for the detection of cucumber green mottle virus (CGMMV), melon necritic spot virus (MNSV) and squash mosaic virus (SqMV) in cucurbits with DAS ELISA. Method Validation Reports. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland. 2009.

  26. Ivanov KI, Eskelin K, Lohmus A, Makinen K. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying potyvirus infection. J Gen Virol. 2014;95:1415–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Li YQ, Liu ZP, Yang K, Li YS, Zhao B, Fan ZF, Wan P. First report of Bean common mosaic virus infecting Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) in China. Plant Dis. 2014;98:1017.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Mandhare VK, Gawade SB. Effect of seed borne soybean mosaic virus infection on quality and yield parameters in soybean. Legume Res. 2010;33(1):43–9.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Manjunatha N, Rangaswamy KT, Nagaraju N, Krishna Reddy M, Prameela HA, Manjunath H. Biological relationship of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) infecting cowpea with leguminous plant species. J Appl Nat Sci. 2017;9(4):2170–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Muhire BM, Varsani A, Martin DP. SDT: a virus classification tool based on pairwise sequence alignment and identity calculation. PLoSOne. 2014;9:e108277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Nicolini C, RabeloFilho FAC, Resende RO, Andrade GP, Kitajima EW, Pio-Ribeiro G, Nagata T. Possible host adaptation as an evolution factor of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus deduced by coat protein gene analysis. J Phytopathol. 2011;160(2):82–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2011.01861.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ogunsola KE. Evaluation and inheritance of single and multiple resistance to viral diseases of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ibadan. 2015. 174 pp.

  33. Ogunsola KE, Akinlabi T, Salaudeen MT, Ogunsola JF. Detection and distribution of seed-borne viruses on commercial cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) cultivars in Ado-odo Ota, Ogun Sate, Nigeria. Nig J Biotech. 2018;35(2):50–7. https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v35i2.7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ojuederie OB, Odu BO, Ilori CO. Serological detection of seed borne viruses in cowpea regenerated germplasm using protein A sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Afr Crop Sci J. 2009;17:125–32.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Okelola FS, Adebisi MA, Kehinde OB, Ajala MO. Genotypic and phenotypic variability for seed vigour traits and seed yield in West African rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Am Sci. 2007;3(3):34–41.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Palanga E, Filloux D, Martin DP, Fernandez E, Gargani D, Ferdinand R, et al. Metagenomic-based screening and molecular characterization of cowpea-infecting viruses in Burkina Faso. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0165188.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Popelka JC, Terryn N, Higgins TJV. Gene technology for grain legumes: can it contribute to the food challenge in developing countries? Plant Sci. 2004;167:195–206.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Riedle-Bauer M, Suarez B, Reinprecht HJ. Seed transmission and natural reservoirs of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca. JPDP 2002; 109:200–206.

  39. Salem NM, Ehlers JD, Roberts PA, Ng JCK. Biological and molecular diagnosis of seedborne viruses in cowpea germplasm of geographically diverse sub-Saharan origins. Plant Pathol. 2010;59:773–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Sastry KS. Seed-borne plant virus diseases. New Delhi, India: Springer; 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  41. Sekar R, Sulochana CB. Seed transmission of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus in two cowpea varieties. Curr Sci. 1988;57(1):37–8.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Simmons HE, Munkvold GP. Seed transmission in the Potyviridae. In: Global Perspectives on the Health of Seeds and Plant Propagation Material. Gullino ML, Munkvold GP. (eds.). Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. 2014. pp. 3–15.

  43. Singh BB, Hartmann P, Fatokun C, Tamo M, Tarawali S, Ortiz R. Recent progress on cowpea improvement. Chron Horticult. 2003;43:8–12.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Singh S, Schwartz HF. Breeding common bean for resistance to diseases: a review. Crop Sci. 2010;50:2199–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Sudheera Y, Vishnu-Vardhan GP, Hema M, Krishna-Reddy M, Sreenivasulu P. Characterization of a potyvirus associated with yellow mosaic disease of jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) in Andhra Pradesh, India. Vir Dis. 2014;25(3):394–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-014-0193-0.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Tamura K, Stecher G, Daniel PD, Alan FA, Kumar S. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 60. Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30:2725–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Tettey CK, Asare-Bediako E, Asare TA, Amoatey H. Phenotypic screening of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes for resistance to cowpea viral diseases. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev. 2018;18(2):13502–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucl Acids Res. 1994;22:4673–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Udayashankar AC, Chandra Nayaka S, Bhuvanendra Kumar H, Mortensen CN, Shekar Shetty H, Prakash HS. Establishing inoculum threshold levels for bean common mosaic virus strain blackeye cowpea mosaic infection in cowpea seed. Afr J Biotechnol. 2010;9:8958–69.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wainaina JM, Kubatko L, Harvey J, Ateka E, Makori T, Karanja D, Boykin LM, Kehoe MA. Evolutionary insights of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. Peer J. 2019;7:e6297. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6297.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to appreciate the assistance of technologists at the I.A.R.&T. seed testing laboratory and agricultural superintendents of the Grain Legumes Improvement Programme, I.A.R.&T., Ibadan, Nigeria. The support of the Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria is also gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

The financial support of I.A.R.&T., Ibadan, Nigeria towards this research is appreciated.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.M.B. 5029, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

    Kehinde Titilope Kareem, Olubusola Fehintola Oduwaye, Solomon Tayo Akinyosoye & Adedayo Johnson Adetumbi

  2. Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI), FW73+7JJ, University Of Ibadan-Ajibode Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

    Adedapo Olutola Adediji

Authors
  1. Kehinde Titilope Kareem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Olubusola Fehintola Oduwaye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adedapo Olutola Adediji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Solomon Tayo Akinyosoye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Adedayo Johnson Adetumbi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kehinde Titilope Kareem.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 433 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kareem, K.T., Oduwaye, O.F., Adediji, A.O. et al. Effect of bean common mosaic virus on seed germination and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) breeding lines and characterisation of virus strains. VirusDis. 34, 204–212 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-023-00812-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-023-00812-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation