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Immunomodulatory and prophylactic efficacy of herbal extracts against experimentally induced chicken infectious anaemia in chicks: assessing the viral load and cell mediated immunity

VirusDisease volume 28, pages 115–120 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) is an economically important and a highly immunosuppressive virus affecting poultry industry worldwide. In this study we assessed the immunomodulatory effects of four herbal preparations namely Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Azadirachta indica and E Care Se Herbal in resisting the viral multiplication and immunosuppression inflicted by CIAV in chicks. Day-old chicks (n = 90) were randomly and equally divided into six groups (Groups A–F). Groups A–D were administered with purified extracts of W. somnifera, T. cordifolia, A. indica and E Care Se Herbal, respectively followed by the evaluation of viral load in lymphoid organs by quantitative real-time PCR and cell mediated immune response by flow cytometric analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Groups A–D were found to resist CIAV multiplication and pathogenesis with significant reduction of viral load compared with the infected control (P < 0.05). Group A–C chicks showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts compared to control birds while of E Care Se Herb had minimal effect on T cell count. The findings suggested that the herbal preparations used during the study were effective as both prophylactic and immunomodulatory agents and thus have potential of being used against CIAV induced immunosuppression in poultry.

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Acknowledgements

All the authors acknowledge the research support from ICAR—Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar.

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Affiliations

  1. Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India

    Shyma K. Latheef & Mohd Yaqoob Wani

  2. Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India

    K. Dhama, M. Asok Kumar, M. Palanivelu & S. D. Singh

  3. Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India

    Hari Abdul Samad

  4. Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India

    Yashpal Singh Malik

  5. Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India

    Rajendra Singh

Authors
  1. Shyma K. Latheef
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  2. K. Dhama
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  3. Hari Abdul Samad
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  4. Mohd Yaqoob Wani
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  5. M. Asok Kumar
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  6. M. Palanivelu
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  7. Yashpal Singh Malik
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  8. S. D. Singh
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  9. Rajendra Singh
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Correspondence to K. Dhama.

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Latheef, S.K., Dhama, K., Samad, H.A. et al. Immunomodulatory and prophylactic efficacy of herbal extracts against experimentally induced chicken infectious anaemia in chicks: assessing the viral load and cell mediated immunity. VirusDis. 28, 115–120 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-016-0355-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-016-0355-3

Keywords

  • Chicken infectious anaemia virus
  • Poultry
  • Herbs
  • Immunomodulation
  • Viral load
  • Quantitative real-time PCR
  • Flow cytometry
  • Cell mediated immunity