Abstract
A 20-node fiber-grating-based wireless sensor network is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Each sensor node is integrated with the light source, 1–3 FBG sensing probes, wavelength demodulation, and wireless communication module. Via self-organized clusters and low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) route protocols, the sensor nodes are able to exchange sensing data with the control center, and the maximum communication radius of a sensor node is over 170 m. The sensor node is battery-powered with a survival lifetime of up to 120 days at a network refresh rate of 5 minutes.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
B. Liu, J. Zeng, C. X. Xiao, et al., “A novel method for the demodulation of fiber Bragg grating sensing system based on chirp grating,” in Proc. SPIE, vol. 5279, pp. 555–559, 2004.
L. F. Xue, Q. D. Zhao, J. G. Liu, G. L. Huang, T. Guo, and X. Y. Dong, “Force sensing with temperature self-compensated based on a loop thin-wall section beam,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 271–273, 2006.
W. G. Zhang, Y. L. Huang, Xiang Yang, T. Z. Rong, Q. D. Zhao, G. Y. Kai, S. Z. Yuan, and X. Y. Dong, “Temperature-independent stress and displacement bi-directional sensing tuned by applying bilateral cantilever beam,” Chinese Physical Letters, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 76–78, 2002 (in Chinese).
W. G. Zhang, X. Y. Dong, D. J. Feng, Z. X. Qin, and Q. D. Zhao, “Linear fiber-grating-type sensing tuned by applying torsion stress,” Electronics Letters, vol. 36, no. 20, pp. 1686–1688, 2000.
T. Guo, Q. D. Zhao, H. Zhang, C. S. Zhang, G. L. Huang, L. F. Xue, and X. Y. Dong, “Temperature-insensitive fiber Bragg grating dynamic pressure sensing system,” Optics Letters, vol. 31, no. 15, pp. 2269–2271, 2006.
P. M. Cavaleiro, F. M. Araujo, and A. B. Lobo Ribeiro, “Metal-coated fiber Bragg grating sensor for electric current metering,” Electronics Letters, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 1133–1135, 1998.
X. Y. Dong, H. Y. Meng, G. Y. Kai, Z. G. Liu, and X. Y. Dong, “Bend measurement with chirp of fiber Bragg grating,” Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1111–1113, 2001.
X. Y. Dong, Y. Q. Liu, Z. G. Liu, and X. Y. Dong, “Simultaneous displacement and temperature measurement with cantilever-based fiber Bragg grating sensor,” Opt. Comm., vol. 192, no. 1–3, pp. 213–217, 2001.
W. G. Zhang, Z. W. Xu, X. P. Yang, G. Y. Kai, S. Z. Yuan, and X. Y. Dong, “Study of fiber-type sensor of refractive indices and concentration of liquids,” in Proc. SPIE, vol. 4595, pp. 209–212, 2001.
C. Y. Lin, L. A. Wang, and G. W. Chern, “Corrugated long-period fiber grating as strain, torsion, and bending sensors,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1159–1168, 2001.
A. D. Kersey, “Optical fiber sensors for permanent downwell monitoring applications in the oil and gas industry,” IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E83-C, no. 3, pp. 400–404, 2000.
R. Arai, A. Sumita, and S. Makino, “Large-scale hybrid monitoring system for temperature, strain, and vibration using fiber Bragg grating sensors,” in Proc. SPIE, vol. 4920, pp. 62–72, 2002.
W. W. Morey, G. Meltz, and W. H. Glenn, “Fiber Bragg grating sensors,” in Proc. SPIE (Fiber Optics & Laser Sensors VII), vol. 1169, pp. 98–107, 1989.
L. Zhang, Y. Liu, J. A. R. Williams, and I. Bennion, “Enhanced FBG strain sensing multiplexing capacity using combination of intensity and wavelength dual-coding technique,” Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1638–1640, 1999.
P. C. Peng, et al., “Intensity and wavelength-division multiplexing FBG sensor system using a tunable multiport fiber ring laser,” Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 230–232, 2004.
J. M. Baptista, S. Abad, G. M. Rego, et al., “Wavelength multiplexing of frequency-based self-referenced fiber optic intensity sensors,” Optical Engineers, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 702–707, 2004.
Y. L. Yu, H. Y. Tan, et al., “Active spatial wavelength division multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensor system,” Chinese Jounal of Lasers, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 131–134, 2002 (in Chinese).
Y. L. Yu, H. Y. Tam, et al., “Passive fiber Bragg grating sensor system using combined spatial and time division multiplexing technique,” Acta Optica Sinica, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1313–1315, 2001 (in Chinese).
L. B. Yuan and J. Yang, “Two-loop-based low-coherence multiplexing fiber-optic sensor network with a Michelson optical path demodulator,” Optics Letters, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 601–603, 2005.
C. Y. Chong and S. P. Kumar, “Sensor networks: evolution, opportunities, and challenges,” in Proc. IEEE, vol. 91, no. 8, pp. 1247–1256, 2003.
K. Chintalapudi, et al., “Monitoring civil structures with a wireless sensor network,” IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 26–34, 2006.
J. S. Lee and P. L. Hsu, “Design and implementation of the SNMP agents for remote monitoring and control via UML and Petri Nets,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 293–302, 2004.
J. L. Peterson, Petri Net Theory and Modeling of Systems, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1981, pp. 280.
E. Waltz and J. Lilnas, Multisensor data fusion. Boston: Artech House, 2000.
D. L. Hall and J. Llinas, “An introduction to multisensor data fusion,” in Proc. IEEE, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 6–23, 1997.
B. Dasarathy, “Information fusion, data mining and knowledge discovery,” Information Fusion, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–3, 2003.
J. K. Uhlmann, “Covariance consistency method for fault-tolerant distributed data fusion,” Information Fusion, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 201–215, 2003.
G. Saporta, “Data fusion and data grafting,” Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 465–473, 2002.
H. Z. Sasiadek, “Sensor fusion,” Annual Reviews in Control, vol. 26, no. 26, pp. 203–228, 2002.
T. Richard, “Principles of effective multi-sensor data fusion,” Military Technology, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 29–37, 2003.
H. D. Whyte, “Sensor models and multi-sensor integration,” The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 97–113, 1988.
D. Y. Yang and Y. Yamane, “Multi-sensor data fusion and its application to industrial control,” in Proc. of the 39th SICE Annual Conference International Session Papers (2000), vol. 3, pp. 215–220, 2002.
V. Megalooikonomou and Y. Yesha, “Space efficient quantization for distributed estimation by a multi-sensor fusion system,” Information Fusion, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 299–308, 2004.
X. H. Huang, M. Wang, and Z. Y. Huang, “Information acquisition and data fusion structures for multi-sensor systems,” Science and Technology of Information Acquisition and their Applications, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 22–26, 2003.
G. Werner-Allen, et al., “Deploying a wireless sensor network on an active volcano,” IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 18–25, 2006.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, B., Chen, J., Zhang, H. et al. Research on fiber-grating-based wireless sensor networks. Photonic Sens 2, 166–172 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-012-0007-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-012-0007-1