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Distribution and diversity of viruses affecting cucurbit production in New South Wales, Australia

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Abstract

Cucurbits are an important crop grown across peri-urban, coastal and inland regions of New South Wales, Australia. Viral infection is a persistent issue across cucurbit commodities, different production methods and production regions. In this study, 34 cucurbit growing properties across five production regions of New South Wales were surveyed and sampled repeatedly from 2018 to 2021. Samples were tested for the presence of known endemic viruses using both serological and molecular diagnostic methods. Viral pathogens were detected on 22 of the 34 properties sampled, and in 44% of samples tested. Annual disease incidence ranged from 0 to 90%, typically increasing towards the end of the summer growing season. Papaya ringspot virus, watermelon mosaic virus, and cucumber mosaic virus, were identified as the most frequently detected viruses. Melon necrotic spot virus and beet pseudo yellows virus were detected at low rates. Cases of mixed infections of papaya ringspot virus and watermelon mosaic virus were also detected in some samples. Furthermore, cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, a “notifiable disease”, was detected for the first time in New South Wales. A newly described virus, watermelon crinkle leaf associated virus-1, was also detected using next- generation sequencing technology. The latter two virus records represent a geographic range expansion and first report for Australia respectively.

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Acknowledgements

This research was conducted as part of the Area Wide Management of Vegetable Diseases project funded by Hort Innovation, using the Hort Innovation vegetable research and development levy, with co-investment from NSW DPI and contributions from the Australian Government. The assistance of the Agriculture Victoria Research laboratories is acknowledged with thanks for supporting next generation sequencing work. Dr Bernie Dominiak, Dr David Guest and Dr Nerida Donovan reviewed and improved an earlier version of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Plant Biosecurity Prevention and Preparedness, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia

    S. Mulholland & L. Tesoriero

  2. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Plant Biosecurity Research & Diagnostics, Menangle, NSW, Australia

    O. Wildman, A. Daly & T. A. Chapman

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Mulholland, S., Wildman, O., Daly, A. et al. Distribution and diversity of viruses affecting cucurbit production in New South Wales, Australia. Australasian Plant Pathol. 52, 339–351 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00925-9

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