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Epidemiology of soybean bud proliferation and seed pod abortion disease in Iran

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Abstract

Symptoms of bud proliferation and aborted seed pods were observed in Iranian soybean fields in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces. Symptomatic soybean plants, possible insect vectors, and alternative plant host species were collected to verify the presence of possible pathogens. Symptomatic and asymptomatic soybean and herbaceous plant samples were subjected to ELISA for virus detection and all samples were subjected to nested PCR amplification of phytoplasma 16 S ribosomal RNA gene followed by sequence and phylogenetic analysis. A ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ strain was detected in the symptomatic soybean samples and in samples of willow and pampas grass. Some viruses were also detected in some the tested soybean samples. Biological assays such as insect and graft transmission were performed. Experimental infection of healthy soybean plants with symptomatic soybean shoots resulted in bud proliferation and seed pods abortion symptoms 8 weeks after grafting. The Hemiptera Creontiades pallidus known also as cotton shredder bug, transmitted ‘Ca. P. trifolii’ to healthy soybean plants under insect proof conditions. The reported identification of the phytoplasmas associated with this soybean disease, of their reservoir or alternative host plants and of an insect vector will help in the development of more effective strategies to manage this disease under the Iranian field conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Diseases Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

    M. Ghayeb Zamharir

  2. Plant Protection Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran

    S. Shameli

  3. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    A. Bertaccini

Authors
  1. M. Ghayeb Zamharir
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  2. S. Shameli
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  3. A. Bertaccini
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Contributions

First author (Maryam Ghayeb Zamharir) has carried out the experiments, analyzed, and interpreted the data, discussed and write the manuscript. Samira Sahmeli designed the field experiments and help to collect samples; and Assunta Bertaccini help in critical revision and writing the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Ghayeb Zamharir.

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any 3 of the authors.

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Zamharir, M.G., Shameli, S. & Bertaccini, A. Epidemiology of soybean bud proliferation and seed pod abortion disease in Iran. Australasian Plant Pathol. 51, 383–390 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-022-00866-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-022-00866-9

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