Abstract
A rapid increase in the number of Gossypium hirsutum L. plants suddenly wilting and dying in a commercial cotton field in Central Queensland initiated this study. The aim was to characterise fungal species recovered from discoloured vascular tissue of dead plants and determine if they contributed to their death. Isolations were consistently dominated by one fungus based on culture morphology. Identification was established on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA and revealed that the isolates all belong to Diatrypaceae, with high homology to Eutypella scoparia. Further analyses showed that there were two distinct Eutypella species present in the isolates, which are quite different from E. scoparia from the sequence dissimilarity due to the presence of ITS1 and ITS2 insertions. In diseased root samples, community profiling showed two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to E. scoparia were the most abundant fungi accounting for 45 to 99% of all sequences. Pathogenicity tests showed that a Eutypella isolate when inoculated into the stem of healthy G. hirsutum using two inoculation methods caused cankerous growth and necrosis of vascular tissue, typical of trunk disease. The fungus caused a red—brown streaking of the vascular tissue like that observed in diseased field plants. This study shows that the fungal isolates, which form a distinct group within the Eutypella, are associated with the root and stem of dying G. hirsutum and were the dominant fungi of diseased roots. This is the first known case of Eutypella affecting cotton worldwide and is considered an expansion of this genus’ host range.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Cotton Research and Development Corporation (funding for DAQ2002). Funding for the individual participation was provided by Department of Agriculture and Fisheries in Queensland (LJS, DK, LS, JC) and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (PG, VVSRG). The authors wish to thank Juliane Henderson and Elizabeth Czislowski from Biosecurity Queensland for their contribution in determining the cause of disease was not a known exotic pathogen. Sincere thank you to Mark Sosnowski (South Australian Research and Development Institute) for helpful advice and discussions on Diatrypaceae species. Many thanks to Roger Mitchell, Sarah Dodd and Andrew Manners from GrowHelp for their assistance with characterisation of fungal isolates. Thank you to Stephen Neate and Murray Sharman for reviewing this document and providing feedback. We thank cotton growers for helpful discussions on their observations in field and allowing us to collect samples.
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Smith, L., Greenfield, P., Kafle, D. et al. First report of Eutypella species associated with dying cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Australasian Plant Pathol. 51, 101–116 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-021-00843-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-021-00843-8