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Differentiation in development of benzimidazole resistance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex populations from strawberry and grape hosts

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Abstract

Anthracnose, caused by a C. gloeosporioides complex, is an important disease affecting both strawberries and grapes. In this study, a total of 222 isolates of C. gloeosporioides, including 114 from strawberries and 108 from grapes, were tested for their resistance to benzimidazole fungicides and diethofencarb. The results of this study showed that the decrease in the control of C. gloeosporioides in China for benzimidazoles could be attributed to the development of resistances. The resistance frequency was found to be 69.4 %, 99.1 %, and 37.0 % for the combined population (n = 222), strawberry sub-population, and grape sub-population, respectively. Within the subset of isolates from strawberry plants, only one Ben R2 (double resistance to benzimidazoles and diethofencarb) isolate, and one Ben S (benzimidazole sensitive) were detected, whereas the remaining 98.2 % of the isolates were found to be of a Ben R1 (benzimidazole highly resistant and diethofencarb sensitive) resistance type. Otherwise, 37.0 % of the Ben R2 isolates, and 63.0 % of the Ben S isolates were respectively detected within the subset of the C. gloesporioides isolates of the table grapes. The Ben R1 and Ben R2 isolates showed a comparable fitness (mycelial growth, sporulation, and virulence), similar to that of the Ben S isolates. The present study also demonstrated that a combination of temperatures and carbendazim concentrations could be adopted for the management of benzimidazole resistance within the C. gloesporioides population in China. In addition, the present paper determined that Ben R1 was associated with a point mutation from GAG to GCG at codon 198, and Ben R2 was associated with a point mutation from TTC to TAC at codon 200, both in the β-tubulin gene of sensitive isolates. However, the above results of the resistance development, wherein the host differentiation within the C. gloesporioides complex suggested by the pathogenicity tests and alignment analysis based on β-tubulin gene sequence were identified, require further in-depth study in the future.

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Acknowledgments

This research was partially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 201303023) and Key Research and Development Project (2015C02G1320008).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Protection, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Lin’an, 311300, China

    T. Lin, X. F. Xu, H. J. Shi & C. Q. Zhang

  2. Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, China

    D. J. Dai & H. D. Wang

Authors
  1. T. Lin
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  2. X. F. Xu
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  3. D. J. Dai
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  4. H. J. Shi
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  5. H. D. Wang
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  6. C. Q. Zhang
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Correspondence to C. Q. Zhang.

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T. Lin and X. F. Xu share equally the first authorship for this paper.

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Lin, T., Xu, X.F., Dai, D.J. et al. Differentiation in development of benzimidazole resistance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex populations from strawberry and grape hosts. Australasian Plant Pathol. 45, 241–249 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-016-0413-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-016-0413-8

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