Abstract
We performed a cross-sectional study on 25 children (17 boys) with urolithiasis with normal glomerular functions at a tertiary care teaching hospital between March, 2018 to March, 2019. Dietary assessment showed that caloric intake was below recommended dietary allowance (RDA) in 68% patients while the median protein intake was 34.3% more. The fluid intake was below the recommended standards in 56%, and 48% of the children had urine output below 1.5 mL/kg/hour. The urinary sodium was elevated in 96% of the children, urinary potassium was low in 40%, and hypercalciuria was seen in 28%. While metabolic causes predominate in childhood urolithiasis, other factors like dietary changes, liberal fluid and low sodium intake are advised for prevention of recurrences as they have a contributory role too.
Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bastug F, Düþünsel R. Pediatric urolithiasis: Causative factors, diagnosis and medical management. Nat Rev Urol. 2012;9: 138–146
Alpay H, Ozen A, Gokce I, Biyikli N. Clinical and metabolic features of urolithiasis and microlithiasis in children. Pediatric Nephrol. 2009;24:2203–09.
Borghi L, Meschi T, Maggiore U, Prati B. Dietary therapy in idiopathic Nephrolithiasis. Nut Rev. 2006;64:301–12.
Rios-Leyvraz M, Bovet P, Tabin R, et al. Urine spot samples can be used to estimate 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in children. J Nutr. 2018;48:1946–53.
Authority EFS Guidance on the EU Menu methodology. EFSA Journal. 2014;12:3944.
BDA Fluid (water and drinks). 2017. Available from: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/fluid-water-drinks.html.
Kumar J, Mandhani A, Srivastava A, et al. Pediatric urolithiasis: Experience from a tertiary referral center. J Ped Urol. 2013;9:825–30.
Koyuncu HH, Yencilek F, Eryildirim B, Sarica K. Family history in stone disease: How important is it for the onset of the disease and the incidence of recurrence? Urol Res. 2010; 38:105–109.
Rizvi SA, Sultan S, Zafar MN, et al. Evaluation of children with urolithiasis. Indian J Urol. 2007;23:420.
Institute of Medicine. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States. National Academies Press; 2010.
Copelovitch L. Urolithiasis in children: medical approach. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2012;59:881–96.
Penido MGMG, Tavares MdS, Guimarães MMM, et al. American and brazilian children with primary urolithiasis: Similarities and disparities. Global Pediatric Health. 2014;1: 2333794X14561289.
Polito C, La Manna A, Maiello R, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion in idiopathic hypercalciuria of children. Nephron. 2002;91:7–12.
Funding
Funding: None
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Contributors: MM: conceptualized and designed the study, drafted the manuscript; DG: collected the data, compiled and analyzed it; RG: analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript; BM: supervised the laboratory tests and data analysis; MS: helped in conduct of the dietary interviews and counselling. All authors approved the final version of manuscript, and are accountable for all aspects related to the study.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics clearance: IEC; No.17/IEC/MAMC/2017/Peds/11 dated Oct 27, 2017.
Competing interest: None stated.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mantan, M., Goel, R., Gupta, D. et al. Diet, Fluid Intake, Urine Output and Urinary Sodium/Potassium Ratios in Children With Urolithiasis. Indian Pediatr 59, 719–721 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-022-2603-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-022-2603-5