Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Surgical management of pediatric multiple magnet ingestions in the past two decades of minimal access surgery- systematic review of operative approaches

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Updates in Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Multiple magnet ingestion is increasingly reported in paediatrics and can cause significant morbidity. Various surgical approaches exist, though minimal literature compares outcomes between techniques. This review evaluates laparoscopic, laparoscopic-assisted, and open surgery with regard to outcomes.

Method

Systematic review across MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science identified reports of paediatric multiple magnet ingestion managed surgically between 2002 and 2022.

Results

Ninety-nine studies were included, reporting data from 136 cases. Of these, 82 (60%) underwent laparotomy, 43 (32%) laparoscopic surgery, and 11 (8%) laparoscopic-assisted procedures. Sixteen laparoscopic cases were converted to open, often due to intraoperative findings including necrosis/perforation, or grossly dilated bowel. Bowel perforation occurred in 108 (79%); 47 (35%) required bowel resection, and 3 had temporary stoma formation. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in 118 (86%). Complications were reported following 15 (18%) open and 3 (7%) laparoscopic surgeries. No complications occurred following laparoscopic-assisted surgery. All post-laparoscopic complications were Clavien-Dindo (CD) Grade I. Following open surgery, 5 complications were CD grade I, 6 were CD grade II, and 4 were CD grade IIIb, requiring re-laparotomy. Median length of stay for open and laparoscopic-assisted procedures was 7 days, and for laparoscopic was 5 days (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Surgical management of multiple magnet ingestion often achieved uncomplicated recovery and no long-term sequelae. Whilst open laparotomy was the more common approach, laparoscopic surgery was associated with reduced length of stay and postoperative complications. Therefore, in experienced hands, laparoscopic surgery should be considered first-line, with the possibility of conversion to open if required.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data underlying the results are included in this article as references to published articles, or are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

References

  1. Hodges NL, Denny SA, Smith GA (2017) Rare-Earth Magnet Ingestion-Related Injuries in the Pediatric Population: A Review. Am J Lifestyle Med 11(3):259. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827615594336

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hussain SZ, Bousvaros A, Gilger M, et al (2012) Management of ingested magnets in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 55(3):239–242. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0B013E3182687BE0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Strickland M, Rosenfield D, Fecteau A (2014) Magnetic foreign body injuries: a large pediatric hospital experience. J Pediatr 165(2):332–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDS.2014.04.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Jaschinski T, Mosch CG, Eikermann M, Neugebauer EAM, Sauerland S (2018) Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis’. Cochr Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001546.PUB4/MEDIA/CDSR/CD001546/IMAGE_N/NCD001546-CMP-004-04.PNG

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Laudicella M, Walsh B, Munasinghe A, Faiz O (2016) Impact of laparoscopic versus open surgery on hospital costs for colon cancer: a population-based retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 6(11):e012977. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2016-012977

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Velanovich V (2000) Laparoscopic vs open surgery: a preliminary comparison of quality-of-life outcomes. Surg Endosc 14(1):16–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/S004649900003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lin A, Chan LCN, Hon KLE, et al (2019) Magnetic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children: The Attractive Hazards. Case Rep Pediatr 2019:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3549242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Tavarez MM, Saladino RA, Gaines BA, Manole MD (2013) Prevalence, clinical features and management of pediatric magnetic foreign body ingestions. J Emerg Med 44(1):261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEMERMED.2012.03.025

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Abuzneid YS, Alzeerelhouseini HIA, Rabee A, et al (2022) Double Magnet Ingestion Causing Intestinal Perforation with Peritonitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Surg 2022:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4348787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Adu-Frimpong J, Sorrell J (2009) Magnetic toys: the emerging problem in pediatric ingestions. Pediatr Emerg Care 25(1):42–43. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0B013E318191DBB1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ahmed AM, Hassab MH, Al-Hussaini AA, Al-Tokhais TI (2010) Magnetic toy ingestion leading to jejunocecal fistula in a child. Saudi Med J 31(4):442–444

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Alkhamisy A (2021) Gastrojejunal fistula caused by magnet beads ingestion in a 2 -year-old boy. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2021.101809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Alzahem AM, Soundappan SSV, Jefferies H, Cass DT (2007) Ingested magnets and gastrointestinal complications. J Paediatr Child Health 43(6):497–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1754.2007.01121.X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hernández Anselmi E, Gutiérrez San Román C, Barrios Fontoba JE, et al (2007) Intestinal perforation caused by magnetic toys. J Pediatr Surg 42(3):e13–e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDSURG.2006.12.066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Arslan S, Basuguy E, Zeytun H, Okur MH, Aydogdu B, Arslan MS (2015) Jejunoileal perforation and volvulus caused by multiple magnet ingestion. Acta Clin Croat 54(1):96–98

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Baines H, Saenz NC, Dory C, Marchese SM, Bernard-Stover L (2012) Magnet-associated intestinal perforation results in a new institutional policy of ferromagnetic screening prior to MRI. Pediatr Radiol 42(12):1506–1509. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00247-012-2441-Z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Blevrakis E, Raissaki M, Xenaki S, Astyrakaki E, Kholcheva N, Chrysos E (2018) Multiple magnet ingestion causing instestinal obstruction and entero-enteric fistula: Which imaging modality besides radiographs? A case report. Ann Med Surg 31:29. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMSU.2018.04.033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Butterworth J, Feltis B (2007) Toy magnet ingestion in children: revising the algorithm’. J Pediatr Surg. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDSURG.2007.09.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Cauchi JA, Shawis RN (2002) Multiple magnet ingestion and gastrointestinal morbidity. Arch Dis Child 87(6):539–540. https://doi.org/10.1136/ADC.87.6.539

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Cherchi V, Adani GL, Righi E, et al (2018) Ileocecal Fistula Caused by Multiple Foreign Magnetic Bodies Ingestion. Case Rep Surg 2018:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7291539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Cho J, Sung K, Lee D (2017) Magnetic foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients: Report of three cases. BMC Surg 17(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12893-017-0269-Z/FIGURES/8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Clarke R, Everett T, Watts A, Qureshi T (2010) Reminder of important clinical lesson: The magnetism of surgery: small bowel obstruction in an 8-year-old boy’. BMJ Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1136/BCR.01.2010.2667

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Corduk N, Odabas S, Sarioglu-Buke A (2014) Intestinal perforation caused by multiple magnet ingestion. Afr J Paediatr Surg 11(1):84–86. https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-6725.129249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Zubarew T, Jama S, Gutiérrez J (2017) Abdominal pain secondary to ileocecal fistulae by ingestion of multiple magnetic bodies: Clinical Case. Rev Chil Pediatr 88(3):553–560. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0370-41062017000300018

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fenton SJ, Torgenson M, Holsti M, Black RE (2007) Magnetic attraction leading to a small bowel obstruction in a child. Pediatr Surg Int 23(12):1245–1247. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00383-007-1997-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gün F, Günendi T, Kiliç B, Çelik A (2013) Multiple magnet ingestion resulting in small bowel perforation: a case report. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 19(2):177–179. https://doi.org/10.5505/TJTES.2013.26779

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Holtz TK, Greisen PW, Qvist N, Bjørn N (2020) Unexpected finding of ingested magnetic toys in a child undergoing cerebral MRI. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 61:101579. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2020.101579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ilçe Z, Samsum H, Mammadov E, Celayir S (2007) Intestinal volvulus and perforation caused by multiple magnet ingestion: report of a case. Surg Today 37(1):50–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00595-006-3330-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jain N, Mitra A, Ratan SK, Panda SS (2022) “Necklace of magnets” in the abdomen: an unusual case with “multiple” bowel perforations. Med J Armed Forces India. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MJAFI.2022.09.015

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Kathayat LB, Chalise A, Maharjan JS, Bajracharya J, Shrestha R (2022) Intestinal Perforation with Ingestion of Blunt Foreign Bodies: A Case Report. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 60(253):817. https://doi.org/10.31729/JNMA.7650

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Kim Y, Hong J, Moon SB (2014) Ingestion of multiple magnets: The count does matter. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 2(3):130–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2014.02.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kircher MF, Milla S, Callahan MJ (2007) Ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies causing multiple bowel perforations. Pediatr Radiol 37(9):933–936. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00247-007-0542-X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lee BK, Ryu HH, Moon JM, Jeung KW (2010) Bowel perforations induced by multiple magnet ingestion. Emerg Med Australas 22(2):189–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1742-6723.2010.01276.X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Lindley S, Pathak S, Mulchandani M, Dalton S, Sutton R (2012) Magnetic Meckel’s: an unusual case report of foreign body ingestion. J Surg Case Rep 2012(3):7. https://doi.org/10.1093/JSCR/2012.3.7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Mirza MB, Bux N, Talat N, Saleem M (2015) Multiple singing magnet ingestion leading to pressure necrosis of the small bowel. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 20(2):90. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-9261.151557

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Miyamoto R, Okuda M, Kaneko K, Numoto S, Okumura A (2019) Multiple Magnets Ingestion Followed by Intestinal Fistula With Mild Symptoms. Glob Pediatr Health 6:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X19855805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Munghate GS, Reddy AS, Bodhanwala M (2020) Multiple magnetic foreign bodies causing complex intestinal fistula. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2020.101661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Nagaraj HS, Sunil I (2005) Multiple foreign body ingestion and ileal perforation. Pediatr Surg Int 21(9):718–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00383-005-1422-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Nui A, Hirama T, Katsuramaki T, et al (2005) An intestinal volvulus caused by multiple magnet ingestion: an unexpected risk in children. J Pediatr Surg 40(9):e9–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.05.065

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Pogorelić Z, Borić M, Markić J, Jukić M, Grandić L (2016) A Case of 2-Year-Old Child with Entero-Enteric Fistula Following Ingestion of 25 Magnets. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 59(4):140–142. https://doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Robinson AJ, Bingham J, Thompson RLE (2009) Magnet induced perforated appendicitis and ileo-caecal fistula formation’. Ulster Med J 78:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  42. Saeed A, Johal NS, Aslam A, Brain J, Fitzgerald RJ (2009) Attraction Problems Following Magnet Ingestion. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 91(5):W10. https://doi.org/10.1308/147870809X450566

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Sahin C, Alver D, Gulcin N, Kurt G, Celayir AC (2010) A rare cause of intestinal perforation: ingestion of magnet. World J Pediatr 6(4):369–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12519-010-0237-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Salimi A, Kooraki S, Esfahani SA, Mehdizadeh M (2012) Multiple magnet ingestion: Is there a role for early surgical intervention? Ann Saudi Med 32(1):93. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2012.93

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Sekmenli T, Ciftci I (2016) Multiple Intestinal Perforation and Necrosis due to Magnet Ingestion. Eurasian J Med 48(3):225. https://doi.org/10.5152/EURASIANJMED.2015.0080

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Shalaby MS (2015) How dangerous a toy can be? The magnetic effect. Arch Dis Child 100(11):1049–1050. https://doi.org/10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2014-307756

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Si X, Du B, Huang L (2016) Multiple Magnetic Foreign Bodies Causing Severe Digestive Tract Injuries in a Child. Case Rep Gastroenterol 10(3):720. https://doi.org/10.1159/000450538

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Soomro S, Mughal SA (2014) Singing magnets ingestion: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in children. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 24(9):688–689

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Stephenson SG, Knight CT, Rana HN, Standley T, Figarola S (2022) An Unfortunate Union: A Case of Multiple Magnet Ingestion in a Pediatric Patient’. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.21490

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Surd A, Aldea C, Mironescu A, Gocan H (2018) Transmesocolic double gastro-enteric fistulas due to ingestion of 28 magnets. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 32:85–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2018.02.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Taher H, Azzam A, Khowailed O, Elseoudi M, Shaban M, Eltagy G (2019) A case report of an asymptomatic male child with multiple entero-enteric fistulae post multiple magnet ingestion. Int J Surg Case Rep 58:50. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJSCR.2019.03.043

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Teague WJ, Vaughan EM, McHoney M, McCabe AJ (2013) Case Report: Swallowed magnets and batteries: a dangerous but not unexpected attraction’. BMJ Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1136/BCR-2013-009073

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Uchida K, Otake K, Iwata T, et al (2006) Ingestion of multiple magnets: hazardous foreign bodies for children. Pediatr Radiol 36(3):263–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00247-005-0056-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Van Biervliet S, Van de Putte D, De Jaegher A, et al (2012) Multiple magnet ingestion: a real challenge for the paediatric surgeon. Acta Clin Belg 67(4):298–300. https://doi.org/10.2143/ACB.67.4.2062677

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Verma S, Shinde SR, Gupta C (2013) Multiple magnet ingestion: An uncommon cause of peritonitis. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 18(4):160. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-9261.121126

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Wildhaber BE, Le Coultre C, Genin B (2005) Ingestion of magnets: innocent in solitude, harmful in groups’. J Pediatr Surg. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDSURG.2005.06.022

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Zachos K, Panagidis A, Georgiou G, Alexopoulos V, Sinopidis X (2019) Double Jejunoileal Fistula after Ingestion of Magnets. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 24(1):63. https://doi.org/10.4103/JIAPS.JIAPS_92_18

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Zgraj O, Awadalla S (2015) Accidental ingestion of magnetic spheres in children. Ir Med J 108(5):149–150

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Bin Zhang Y, Gao ZG, Xiong QX, Zhang LF, Te Cai D, Bin Cai J (2017) Clinical experience in the treatment of children who swallowed multiple magnetic foreign bodies: A report of five cases’. World J Pediatr. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12519-016-0083-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Ali A, Alhindi S (2020) A Child With a Gastrocolic Fistula After Ingesting Magnets: An Unusual Complication’. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.9336

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Brown JC, Murray KF, Javid PJ (2012) Hidden attraction: a menacing meal of magnets and batteries. J Emerg Med 43(2):266–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEMERMED.2011.09.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Karjoo M, Dragnich A, Karjoo S, Warsi QA (2017) Save the Children from Gastric and Intestinal Perforation Secondary to Small Magnet Ingestion by Educating Families with the Help of Pediatricians. Int J Pediatr 5(3):4449–4455. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJP.2017.8263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Kattih O, Almoosa ZA, Alibraheem A (2022) Contained Jejunal Perforation Secondary to Ingestion of Magnet Balls in a Nonfatal Drowning Child’. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.29741

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Moussa A, Gouda M, Jallouli M (2022) Unnoticed ingestion of magnetic balls mimics acute appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2022.102424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Othman MY, Srihari S (2016) Multiple magnet ingestion: The attractive hazardst. Med J Malaysia 71(4):211–212

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Han Y, Youn JK, Oh C, Lee S, Seo JM, Kim HY (2020) Ingestion of multiple magnets in children. J Pediatr Surg 55(10):2201–2205. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDSURG.2019.11.021

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Lemoine A, Mamann N, Larroquet M, Tounian P, Irtan S, Lemale J (2019) Ingestion of neodymium magnet spheres: Three case studies. Arch Pediatr 26(3):179–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARCPED.2019.02.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Al-Saied G, Alsamay O, Ibrahim M, et al (2022) Enteroenteric fistulae after ingestion of multiple magnets in children. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 76:102090. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2021.102090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Seguier-Lipszyc E, Samuk I, Almog A, Silbermintz A, Kravarusic D (2022) Multiple magnet ingestion in children: A problem on the rise. J Paediatr Child Health 58(10):1824–1828. https://doi.org/10.1111/JPC.16117

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Bucci C, Ferrara D, Quitadamo P, et al (2022) Value of intestinal ultrasound in pediatric magnet ingestion: a case report. J Ultrasound 25(4):861–864. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40477-021-00631-6

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Birkhold M, Habib JR, Kang J, Diaz-Calderon L, Lumpkins K, Strauch E (2022) Magnetic Appendix: An Uncommon Indication for Appendectomy’. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.31096

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ‘Gastrointestinal Injuries from Magnet Ingestion in Children --- United States, 2003--2006’. Accessed: Oct. 15, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5548a3.htm

  73. Dotlacil V, Frybova B, Vyhnanek M, Zeman L, Rygl M (2020) Removal of Ingested Magnetic Bodies via Laparoscopic Appendectomy. European J Pediatr Surg Rep. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0040-1714669

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Dutta S, Barzin A (2008) Multiple magnet ingestion as a source of severe gastrointestinal complications requiring surgical intervention. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 162(2):123–125. https://doi.org/10.1001/ARCHPEDIATRICS.2007.35

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Grosshauser M, Ohletz T, Oesch V, Muller CO (2022) Tips and Tricks-3 Use Cases of Interdisciplinary Knowledge Transfer in Minimally Invasive Pediatric Surgery. Children (Basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/CHILDREN9091270

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Macedo M, Velhote MCP, Maschietto RF, Waksman RD (2013) Intestinal fistula after magnets ingestion. Einstein 11(2):234. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082013000200018

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Nicoara M, Liu S, Ferzli G (2018) Laws of attraction: management of magnetic foreign body ingestion. BMJ Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1136/BCR-2018-225939

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Pak SM, Lee YJ, Hwang JY (2022) Diagnosis of Nonmigrating Metallic Foreign Bodies in the Abdomen Using Ultrasound: An Alternative Approach Using a Traditional Method. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 25(1):87. https://doi.org/10.5223/PGHN.2022.25.1.87

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Pederiva F, Daniela C, Scarpa M-G, Guida E, Dragovic D, Martelossi S (2014) An Asymptomatic Multiple Magnet Ingestion with Transmesenteric Entero-Enteric Fistula. APSP J Case Rep 5(2):16

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Sanchez D, Prada A, Martinez C, Herrera N, Ortiz C, Mosquera-Klinger G (2022) Multiple magnet ingestion in paediatrics, high risk of complications and surgery interventions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000003446

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. S. Scholz and D. Stewart (2011) The underestimated danger of multiple magnet ingestion: Case report, literature review and clinical algorithm.’, in 40th International Symposium Pediatric Surgery, E. Horcher and W. Krois, Eds., Springer Wien

  82. Naji H, Isacson D, Svensson JF, Wester T (2012) Bowel injuries caused by ingestion of multiple magnets in children: a growing hazard. Pediatr Surg Int 28(4):367–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00383-011-3026-X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Afzal M, Almakki AA, Abugrain HH, Alsaeed MM, Alzahir BS, Sulis NA (2022) Laparoscopic assisted extraction of multiple ingested magnets leading to entero-enteric fistulae- Case report of three patients. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2022.102357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Hao J, Feng Y, Huang X (2021) A foreign body causing a spontaneous gastrojejunostomy in a young child. Natl Med J India 34(1):27–28. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-258X.323444

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Kosut JS, Johnson SM, King JL, Garnett G, Woo RK (2013) Successful treatment of rare-earth magnet ingestion via minimally invasive techniques: a case series. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 23(4):405–408. https://doi.org/10.1089/LAP.2012.0461

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Oh RG, Lee CG, Park YN, Lee YM (2021) Successful removal of two magnets in the small intestine by laparoscopy and colonoscopy: A case report. World J Clin Cases 9(27):8226. https://doi.org/10.12998/WJCC.V9.I27.8226

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Palanivelu C, Rangarajan M, Rajapandian S, Vittal SK, Maheshkumaar GS (2007) Laparoscopic retrieval of “stubborn” foreign bodies in the foregut: a case report and literature survey. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 17(6):528–531. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.0B013E31815AC599

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Adikibi BT, Arnold M, Van Niekerk G, Alexander A, Numanoglu A, Millar AJW (2013) Magnetic bead toy ingestion: uses and disuses in children. Pediatr Surg Int 29(7):741–744. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00383-013-3275-Y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Ghallab A, Wilkson A, Daniel R (2022) Undisclosed Multiple Magnet Ingestion Simulating Appendicular Mass in a 5-Year-Old Girl—a Case Report and Review of Literature. SN Compreh Clin Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/S42399-022-01152-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Mercurio DC, Scace C, Shah B, Weiner E, Prasad R (2018) Abdominal Pain Caused by a Potentially Fatal Attraction. Pediatr Emerg Care 34(11):e211–e213. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000954

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Morulana TG, Tshifularo N, Ngwenya TR, Motloung E (2021) Small bowel fistula caused by ingested magnetic beads. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2021.101899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Munipalle PC, Luther A, Blake S, Burt C (2014) Takes two to tango. BMJ Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1136/BCR-2013-202794

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Strickland M, Diamond IR, Rosenfield D (2020) Case Discussions and Radiographic Illustration of Magnet-Related Injuries in Children. J Emerg Med 58(6):902–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEMERMED.2020.03.022

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Wong HHL, Phillips BA (2009) Opposites attract: a case of magnet ingestion. CJEM 11(5):493–495. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1481803500011696

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Wooten KE, Hartin CW, Ozgediz DE (2012) Laparoscopic Diagnosis of Magnetic Malrotation with Fistula and Volvulus. JSLS 16(4):644. https://doi.org/10.4293/108680812X13517013316474

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. Zefov V, Al Hashemi H, Javaid U (2022) Accidental ingestion of magnetic foreign body in a pediatric patient: A potentially fatal attraction’. Radiol Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RADCR.2022.04.007

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  97. August A, Mueller C (2016) Early recognition is important when multiple magnets masquerade as a single chain after foreign body ingestion. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 13:8–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2016.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Tsai J, Shaul DB, Sydorak RM, Lau ST, Akmal Y, Rodriguez K (2013) Ingestion of Magnetic Toys: Report of Serious Complications Requiring Surgical Intervention and a Proposed Management Algorithm. Perm J 17(1):11. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/12-097

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  99. Bauman B, McEachron K, Goldman D, et al (2019) Emergency Management of the Ingested Magnet: An Algorithmic Approach. Pediatr Emerg Care 35(8):e141–e144. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000001168

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Rosenfield D, Strickland M, Fecteau A (2013) Magnet ingestion by a 3-year-old boy. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J 185(11):972–974. https://doi.org/10.1503/CMAJ.121847/-/DC1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Khalaf Z, Al Hindi S, Alsayegh R (2021) Laparoscopic assisted removal of multiple ingested magnetic foreign bodies in a child. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSC.2021.101950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Kusluk BK, Ozcakir E, Okay ST, Kaya M (2022) A Case of Intestinal Perforation Due To Multiple Magnet Ingestion: Minimally invasive approach is possible. Turk J Pediatr Surg 36:1

    Google Scholar 

  103. Oyewole B, Sandhya A, Maheswaran I, Campbell-Smith T (2020) Lockdown dilemma: ingestion of magnetic beads presenting as right iliac fossa pain and subacute small bowel obstruction. BMJ Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1136/BCR-2020-236429

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Li XL, Zhang QM, Lu SY, et al (2020) Clinical report and analysis of 24 cases of multiple magnetic beads foreign body in gastrointestinal tract of children. Turk J Gastroenterol 31(11):819–824. https://doi.org/10.5152/TJG.2020.19600

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Te Cai D, Zhang SH, Gao ZG, Shu Q, Liu J (2020) Surgical treatment of multiple magnet ingestion in children: A single-center study. World J Clin Cases 8(23):5988. https://doi.org/10.12998/WJCC.V8.I23.5988

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  106. Altokhais T (2021) Magnet Ingestion in Children Management Guidelines and Prevention. Front Pediatr. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPED.2021.727988

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  107. Huang X, Hu J, Xia Z, Lin X (2021) Multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients: a single-center retrospective review. Pediatr Surg Int 37(5):639–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00383-020-04814-W/FIGURES/3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Jin Y, Gao Z, Zhang Y, et al (2022) Management of multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients. BMC Pediatr 22(1):448. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12887-022-03501-0/FIGURES/4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Huang YK, Hong SX, Tai IH, Hsieh KS (2021) Clinical characteristics of magnetic foreign body misingestion in children. Scie Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96595-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Sola R, Rosenfeld EH, Yu YR, St. Peter SD, Shah SR (2018) Magnet foreign body ingestion: rare occurrence but big consequences. J Pediatr Surg. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPEDSURG.2017.08.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Nicholson T, Tiruchelvam V (2023) Comparison of Laparoscopic-Assisted Appendectomy with Intracorporal Laparoscopic Appendectomy and Open Appendectomy. JSLS 5(1):47

    Google Scholar 

  112. Martínez-Pérez A, de'Angelis N, Brunetti F, et al (2017) Laparoscopic vs. open surgery for the treatment of iatrogenic colonoscopic perforations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Emerg Surg 12:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13017-017-0121-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors have no funding to declare.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Imperial College London, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK

    Romilly K. Hayward & Amulya K. Saxena

Authors
  1. Romilly K. Hayward
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amulya K. Saxena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

RH (data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project administration). AKS (conceptualization, methodology, supervision and review and editing).

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amulya K. Saxena.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Ethics approval

For this type of study ethical approval is not required.

Informed consent

For this type of study formal consent is not required.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 26 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hayward, R.K., Saxena, A.K. Surgical management of pediatric multiple magnet ingestions in the past two decades of minimal access surgery- systematic review of operative approaches. Updates Surg 76, 1203–1211 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-023-01750-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-023-01750-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation