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Role of preoperative gut microbiota on colorectal anastomotic leakage: preliminary results

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Abstract

Background

The dysbiosis is defined as a disturbed symbiotic relationship between microbiota and the host and can cause a pro-inflammatory imbalance impairing the healing process at anastomotic level. The aim of this study is to detect, in fecal samples collected in the preoperative time, a peculiar microbiota composition that could predict the onset of colorectal anastomotic leakage.

Materials and methods

We compared gut microbiota of healthy patients (Group A) and patients with colorectal cancer eligible for surgery (Group B). Group B was divided into patients who developed anastomotic leak (Group BL) and patients who had uneventful recovery (Group BNL). Stool samples were collected before surgery and after neoadjuvant treatment.

Results

We analyzed stool samples from 48 patients, 27 belonging to Group A and 21 to Group B. In Group B, five patients developed anastomotic leakage (Group BL). Compared to healthy subjects, Group B showed a moderate increase of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, a moderate reduction of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and a statistically significant reduction of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Group BL patients showed an array of bacterial species which promoted dysbiosis, such as Acinetobacter lwoffii and Hafnia alvei. Group BNL patients showed that bacterial species like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Barnesiella intestinihominis have a protective function.

Conclusions

The bacterial flora in subjects with colorectal cancer is statistically different compared to healthy patients. The presence of preoperative aggressive bacteria and the lack of protective strains has strengthened the hypothesis that a peculiar microbiota composition could represent a risk factor for the occurrence of anastomotic leakage.

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy

    Silvia Palmisano, Cristiana Iacuzzo, Laura Bonadio, Annalisa Zucca, Manola Comar & Nicolò de Manzini

  2. Surgical Clinic Unit, Cattinara Hospital, ASUITS, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy

    Silvia Palmisano, Davide Cosola & Nicolò de Manzini

  3. Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’ Istria 65/1, 34149, Trieste, Italy

    Giuseppina Campisciano & Manola Comar

Authors
  1. Silvia Palmisano
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  2. Giuseppina Campisciano
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  3. Cristiana Iacuzzo
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  4. Laura Bonadio
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  8. Nicolò de Manzini
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design; Sp, Ci, LB, AZ, DC and NM enrolled the patients, prepared materials and collected data; GC performed the experiments and analyzed the genomic data; SP, GC and MC wrote and revised the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Silvia Palmisano.

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The authors report no proprietary or commercial interest in any product mentioned or concept discussed in this article.

Research involving human participants and/or animals

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Palmisano, S., Campisciano, G., Iacuzzo, C. et al. Role of preoperative gut microbiota on colorectal anastomotic leakage: preliminary results. Updates Surg 72, 1013–1022 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00720-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00720-x

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