Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Concrete Confinement Effect in Circular Concrete Sandwiched Double Steel Tubular Stub-Columns

  • Published:
International Journal of Steel Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Concrete sandwiched double steel tubular (CSDST) columns have improved ductility under cyclic loads. Two CSDST columns are investigated in this paper (1) CSDST-CS with Circular outer tube and Square inner tube and (2) CSDST-CC with Circular outer tube and Circular inner tube. The confinement of concrete between the annular spaces of the inner and outer tubes is very important for their behaviour. To the authors’ knowledge, the literature is scarce on a validated concrete confinement model for CSDST. In this paper, the concrete confinement mechanism in CSDST columns is explained based on thick-walled cylinder theory and a semi-analytical equation is developed. Hollowness ratio of the cross-section, width to thickness ratio of the outer steel tube, strength of the outer steel tube and sandwiched concrete strength are identified as the main parameters influencing the confinement effect in CSDST. The proposed equation is extended to CSDST-CS with inner square tube approximated as an equivalent circular tube. This assumption is validated by conducting tests on short column specimens under axial compression. With outer tubes being the same, concrete confinement effect in CSDST-CS, CSDST-CC and concrete filled steel tubular column (CFST) are 18%, 20% and 30%, respectively. This study has demonstrated that the presence of double steel tubes does not improve the concrete confinement in CSDST compared to CFST. Further, this study presents a modification to the design equations of EN 1994-1-2 2005-1-1 (Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures Part 1–1: General rules and rules for buildings. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, 2004) for CFST columns to CSDST stub columns by incorporating the effect of hollowness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

A c , A so , A si :

Area of infilled concrete, outer steel tube and inner steel tube, respectively

B, B i :

Width of general tubular cross-section, and inner square steel tube, respectively

D, D o , D i :

Diameter of general steel pipe, outer steel tube, and inner steel tube, respectively

E c , E so , E si :

Elastic modulus of infilled concrete, outer steel tube and inner steel tube, respectively

EA eff :

Effective axial stiffness (EAeff = EsoAso + EsiAsi + EcAc)

f 1 , f 2 :

Lateral pressure at outer steel–concrete and inner steel–concrete interface

f cc :

Enhanced strength of concrete

f cm :

Mean 28-day compressive strength of concrete cube

f ck :

Characteristic strength of concrete cube

f c ′ :

Characteristic strength of concrete cylinder

f c,z , f c,r , f c,h :

Axial, radial and hoop stress in an elemental concrete, respectively

f so,z f so,h1 , f so,h :

Axial and hoop stresses in an elemental outer steel tube

f si,z f si,h2 , f si,h :

Axial and hoop stresses in an elemental inner steel tube

f yo , f yi :

Yield strength of outer and inner steel tubes, respectively

h r :

Hollowness ratio (hr = Di/(Do − 2 to))

k :

Factor to account for concrete strength enhancement due to lateral confinement

L :

Length of the test specimen

P u :

Ultimate axial capacity

P sum :

Superimposed axial strength of steel and concrete (Psum = Asofyo + Asifyi+ 0.8Acfcm). The concrete strength contribution is multiplied by 0.8 to account for concrete cube to cylinder strength conversion

P test :

Ultimate strength of the specimens from test

P pro :

Proposed axial capacity

P EC4 :

Axial capacity predicted using EC4 provisions

r o , r i :

Outer and Inner radius of sandwiched concrete

t, t o , t i :

Thickness of a general steel tube, outer steel tube and inner steel tube, respectively

η so , η c :

Strength factor in outer steel tube and sandwiched concrete, respectively

Δ :

Axial deformation

References

  • ASTM-E8/E8M. (2009). Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. West Conshohocken: ASTM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elchalakani, M., Zhao, X.-L., & Grzebieta, R. (2002). Tests on concrete filled double-skin (CHS outer and SHS inner) composite short columns under axial compression. Thin-Walled Structures,40(5), 415–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EN 1994-1-1. (2004). Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures Part 1–1: General rules and rules for buildings. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 1994-1-2. (2005). Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures Part 1–2: General rules—Structural fire design. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Espinos, A., Romero, M. L., Hospitaler, A., Pascual, A. M., & Albero, V. (2015). Advanced materials for concrete-filled tubular columns and connections. Structures,4, 105–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, L.-H., Tao, Z., Huang, H., & Zhao, X.-L. (2004). Concrete-filled double skin (SHS outer and CHS inner) steel tubular beam-columns. Thin-Walled Structures,42(9), 1329–1355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassanein, M. F., & Kharoob, O. F. (2014). Compressive strength of circular concrete-filled double skin tubular short columns. Thin-Walled Structures,77, 165–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao, P., Hayashi, K. K., Nishi, R., Lin, X., & Nakashima, M. (2014). Investigation of concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular columns with ultrahigh-strength steel. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE,29, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, H., Huang, C., Wu, M.-H., & Wu, Y. (2003). Nonlinear analysis of axially loaded concrete-filled tube columns with confinement effect. Journal of Structural Engineering,129(10), 1322–1329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, H., & Su, F. (2011). Nonlinear analysis of short concrete- filled double skin tube columns subjected to axial compressive forces. Marine Structures,24(4), 319–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, H., Han, L.-H., Tao, Z., & Zhao, X.-L. (2010). Analytical behaviour of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,66(4), 542–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IS:516-1959. (2013). Indian standard methods of tests for strength of concrete. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards.

  • Li, W., Han, L.-H., & Zhao, X.-L. (2012a). Axial strength of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns with preload on steel tubes. Thin-Walled Structures,56, 9–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, W., Ren, Q.-X., Han, L.-H., & Zhao, X.-L. (2012b). Behaviour of tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns. Thin-Walled Structures,57, 37–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, Q. Q. (2017). Nonlinear analysis of circular double-skin concrete-filled steel tubular columns under axial compression. Engineering Structures,131, 639–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, Q. Q. (2018). Numerical simulation of high strength circular double-skin concrete- filled steel tubular slender columns. Engineering Structures,168(March), 205–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, Q. Q., & Fragomeni, S. (2009). Nonlinear analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tubular short columns under axial loading. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,65(12), 2186–2196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, H., Zhao, X.-L., & Han, L.-H. (2011). FE modelling and fire resistance design of concrete filled double skin tubular columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,67(11), 1733–1748.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., & Park, R. (1988). Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE),114(8), 1804–1826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanishi, K., Kitada, T., & Nakai, H. (1999). Experimental study on ultimate strength and ductility of concrete filled steel columns under strong earthquake. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,51(3), 297–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagoulatou, M., Sheehan, T., Dai, X. H., & Lam, D. (2014). Finite element analysis on the capacity of circular concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns. Engineering Structures,72, 102–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richart, F. E., Brandtzaeg, A., & Brown, R. L. (1928). A study of the failure of concrete under combined compressive stresses. University of Illinios Engineering experimental station, XXVI(No. 12 (Bulletin no. 185)).

  • Richart, F. E., Brandtzaeg, A., & Brown, R. L. (1929). The failure of plain and spirally reinforced concrete in compression. University of Illinios Engineering experimental station, XXVI(No. 31 (Bulletin no. 190)).

  • Romero, M. L., Espinos, A., Portolés, J. M., Hospitaler, A., & Ibañez, C. (2015). Slender double-tube ultra-high strength concrete-filled tubular columns under ambient temperature and fire. Engineering Structures,99, 536–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadd, M. H. (2005). Elasticity: Theory, applications and numerics. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakino, K., Nakahara, H., Morino, S., & Nishiyama, A. (2004). Behavior of centrally loaded concrete-filled steel-tube short columns. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE,130(2), 180–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seow, C. P. E., & Swaddiwudhipong, S. (2005). Failure surface for concrete under multiaxial load—a Unified Approach. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE,17(2), 219–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shakir-Khalil, H. (1991). Composite columns of double-skinned shells. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,19(2), 133–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, J., Kuroda, I., & Ohta, T. (1996). Modeling of stress–strain relationships for steel and concrete in concrete filled circular steel tubular columns. Steel Construction Engineering,3(11), 35–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao, Z., Han, L.-H., & Zhao, X.-L. (2004). Behaviour of concrete-filled double skin (CHS inner and CHS outer) steel tubular stub columns and beam-columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,60(8), 1129–1158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uenaka, K. (2016). CFDST stub columns having outer circular and inner square sections under compression. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,120, 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uenaka, K., Kitoh, H., & Sonoda, K. (2010). Concrete filled double skin circular stub columns under compression. Thin-Walled Structures,48(1), 19–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, S., Mau, S. T., Vipulanandan, C., & Mantrala, S. K. (1995). Performance of new sandwich tube under axial loading: Experiment. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE,121(12), 1806–1814.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, H. D., Oduyemi, T. O. S., & Evans, H. R. (1991). The design of double skin composite elements. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,19(2), 111–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, X. L., Han, B., & Grzebieta, R. H. (2002). Plastic mechanism analysis of concrete-filled double-skin (SHS inner and SHS outer) stub columns. Thin-Walled Structures,40(10), 815–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to TATA-STRUCTURA for supplying the steel tubes for experimental study, and also grateful to the staff at Structural Engineering Laboratory, IIT Madras for conducting the experiments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Trichy, 620015, India

    U. Mashudha Sulthana

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    S. Arul Jayachandran

Authors
  1. U. Mashudha Sulthana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Arul Jayachandran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to U. Mashudha Sulthana.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sulthana, U.M., Jayachandran, S.A. Concrete Confinement Effect in Circular Concrete Sandwiched Double Steel Tubular Stub-Columns. Int J Steel Struct 20, 1364–1377 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-020-00365-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-020-00365-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation