Abstract
Studies are presented for the control of time-dependent effects of creep and shrinkage in steel-concrete composite frames with pre-cast concrete slab for both shored and un-shored constructions. A developed hybrid procedure has been used for carrying out the studies. The procedure accounts for creep, shrinkage and progressive cracking in concrete slab panels. Two frames, a single storey and a five storey frame are considered. It is shown that, for both the types of constructions, shored and un-shored, the increase in bending moments and mid-span deflections can be controlled to a significant degree, without putting constraints on design parameters, by simply delaying the time of mobilization of composite action between the pre-cast concrete slab panels and the steel section. It is also found that though there is insignificant effect of type of construction on bending moments, the percentage change in mid-span deflection due to creep and shrinkage is significantly higher for shored construction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AASHTO (2007). LRFD bridge design specifications, SI units. 4 th Ed., Washington, DC.
Bazant, Z. P. (1972). “Prediction of concrete creep-effects using age adjusted effective modulus method.” American Concrete Institute Journal, 69(4), pp. 212–217.
Bradford, M. A. and Gilbert, R. I. (1991). “Time-dependent behaviour of simply-supported steel-concrete composite beams.” Magazine of Concrete Research, 43(157), pp. 265–274.
Bradford, M. A. and Gilbert, R. I. (1992). “Composite beams with partial interaction under sustained loads.” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 118(7), pp. 1871–1883.
CEB-FIP MC 90 (1993). Model code for concrete structures. Comité Euro International du Beton-Fédération International de la Précontrainte, Paris, Thomas Telford, London.
CEN (1992). Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures, Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings. EN-1992-1-1, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
Chaudhary, S., Pendharkar, U., and Nagpal, A. K. (2007a). “Hybrid procedure for cracking and time-dependent effects in composite frames at service load.” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 133(2), pp. 166–175.
Chaudhary, S., Pendharkar, U., and Nagpal, A. K. (2007b). “An analytical-numerical procedure for cracking and time-dependent effects in continuous composite beams under service load.” Steel and Composite Structures, 7(3), pp. 219–240.
Chaudhary, S., Pendharkar, U., and Nagpal, A. K. (2009). “Control of creep and shrinkage effects in steel concrete composite bridges with precast decks.” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, 14(5), pp. 336–345.
Faella, C., Martinelli, E., and Nigro, E. (2002). “Steel and concrete composite beams with flexible shear connection: ‘Exact’ analytical expression of the stiffness matrix and applications.” Computers and Structures, 80(11), pp. 1001–1009.
FIB (1999). Structural concrete. Textbook on behaviour, design and performance. Updated knowledge of the CEB/ FIP Model Code 1990. FIB Bulletin 2, The International Federation for Structural Concrete, Lussane, Switzerland.
Fragiacomo, M., Amadio, C., and Macorini, L. (2002). “Influence of viscous phenomena on steel-concrete composite beams with normal or high performance slab.” Steel and Composite Structures, 2(2), pp. 85–98.
Gara, F., Ranzi, G., and Leoni, G. (2010). “Short- and longterm analytical solutions for composite beams with partial interaction and shear-lag effects.” International Journal of Steel Structures, 10(4), pp. 359–372.
Giussani, F. and Mola, F. (2009). “Thin-walled composite steel-concrete beams subjected to skew bending and torsion.” Steel and Composite Structures, 9(3), pp. 275–301.
Giussani, F., Mola, F., and Palermo, A. (2003). “Continuity effects in composite steel-concrete railway bridges.” Proc. 6 th Int. Conf. Maintenance and Renewal of Permanent Way; Power and Signalling; Structures and Earthworks, London, UK.
Hastak, M., Mirmiran, A., Miller, R., Shah, R., and Castrodale, R. (2003). “State of practice for positive moment connections in prestressed concrete girders made continuous.” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, 8(5), pp. 267–272.
Jurkiewiez, B., Buzon, S., and Sieffert, J. G. (2005). “Incremental viscoelastic analysis of composite beams with partial interaction.” Computers and Structures, 83(21–22), pp. 1780–1791.
Kwak, H. G. and Seo, Y. J. (2000). “Long-term behavior of composite girder bridges.” Computers and Structures, 74(5), pp. 583–599.
Kwak, H. G. and Seo, Y. J. (2002). “Shrinkage cracking at interior supports of continuous pre-cast pre-stressed concrete girder bridges.” Construction and Building Materials, 16(1), pp. 35–47.
Leblanc, N. D. (2006). “Design and construction of a fullwidth, full depth precast concrete deck slab on steel girder bridge.” Proc. 7 th Int. Conf. Short and Medium Span Bridges, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal, Canada, MA-004-01–MA-004-10.
Mari, A., Mirambell, E., and Estrada, I. (2003). “Effect of construction process and slab prestressing on the serviceability behavior of composite bridges.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 59(2), pp. 135–163.
Miller, R. A., Castrodale, R., Mirmiran, A., and Hastak, M. (2004). Connection of simple-span precast concrete girders for continuity. NCHRP Rep. No. 519, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Mirmiran, A., Kulkarni, C., Castrodale, R., Miller, R., and Hastak, M. (2001). “Nonlinear continuity analysis of precast, prestressed concrete girders with cast-in place decks and diaphgrams.” Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Journal, 46(5), pp. 60–80.
Ranzi, G. and Bradford, M. A. (2006). “Analytical solutions for the time-dependent behaviour of composite beams with partial interaction.” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 43(13), pp. 3770–3793.
Robberts, T. M. (1985). “Finite difference analysis of composite beams with partial interaction.” Computers and Structures, 21(3), pp. 469–473.
Ryu, H. K., Chang, S. P., Kim Y. J., and Kim, B. S. (2005). “Crack control of a steel and concrete composite plate girder with prefabricated slabs under hogging moments.” Engineering Structures, 27(11), pp. 1613–1624.
Ryu, H. K., Kim, Y. J., and Chang, S. P. (2007). “Crack control of continuous composite two-girder bridge with prefabricated slabs under static and fatigue loads.” Engineering Structures, 29(6), pp. 851–864.
Sakr, M. A. and Sakla, S. S. S. (2008). “Long-term deflection of cracked composite beams with nonlinear partial shear interaction: I — Finite element modeling.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 64(12), pp. 1446–1455.
Schlaich, M. (2001). “Erection of cable-stayed bridges having composite decks with precast concrete slabs.” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, 6(5), pp. 333–339.
Wang, W. W., Dai, J. G., Guo, L., and Huang, C. K. (2011). “Long-term behavior of prestressed old-new concrete composites beams.” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, 16(2), pp. 275–285.
Xanthakos, P. P. (1994). Theory and design of bridges. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Canada.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Note.-Discussion open until May 1, 2014. This manuscript for this paper was submitted for review and possible publication on February 3, 2013; approved on September 3, 2013.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Varshney, L.K., Patel, K.A., Chaudhary, S. et al. Control of time-dependent effects in steel-concrete composite frames. Int J Steel Struct 13, 589–606 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-013-4002-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-013-4002-1