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Concentric X-braced frames with HSS bracing

International Journal of Steel Structures volume 12, pages 443–459 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

Concentrically braced frames are stiff, strong systems frequently used to resist wind and seismic loading; in regions of high seismicity in the US special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) are used. CBF configurations vary, but in low rise or other structures with modest levels of demands single-story, X-configured braced frames (X-braced) are commonly used. The brace sections used also vary but hollow structural sections (HSS) are the most common in the U.S. Although important, in part because low-rise structures sustain large demands, few research programs have focused on the single-story X-brace configuration. A large research program was undertaken to understand and improve the response of SCBFs with selected testing on single-story X braced SCBFs. The test matrix consisted of two, full-scale planar X-braced frame experiments and one nearly-full-scale three-dimensional X-braced frame. The tests were designed using a new design and detailing philosophy, called the Balanced Design Method. In this paper, application of this design method to the frame is investigated, with a focus on the center-splice connection. The results show that the ultimate inelastic deformation capacity of the system is less dependent on the specific design detail at this splice. Additionally, the bi-directional load testing indicated that the out-of-plane demands did not impact the system performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 235 More Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Keith D. Palmer & Jacob Powell

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 233B More Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Charles W. Roeder & Dawn E. Lehman

  3. Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13-Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 068-8628, Japan

    Taichiro Okazaki

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Minnesota, CivE 246, Department of Civil Engineering, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Carol K. Shield

Authors
  1. Keith D. Palmer
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  2. Charles W. Roeder
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  3. Dawn E. Lehman
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  4. Taichiro Okazaki
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  5. Carol K. Shield
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  6. Jacob Powell
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Keith D. Palmer.

Additional information

Note.-Discussion open until February 1, 2013. This manuscript for this paper was submitted for review and possible publication on May 10, 2012; approved on September 6, 2012.

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Palmer, K.D., Roeder, C.W., Lehman, D.E. et al. Concentric X-braced frames with HSS bracing. Int J Steel Struct 12, 443–459 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-012-3012-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-012-3012-8

Keywords

  • Concentrically braced frames
  • gusset plate
  • connections
  • seismic design
  • experimental study