Middle ear cholesteatoma

Abstract

Cholesteatomas can originate at various sites on the temporal bone, which houses the middle ear among other structures. Distinction is made between three types of cholesteatoma: auditory canal, middle ear, and petrous apex. The most frequent type, middle ear cholesteatoma, can be subdivided into a congenital and an acquired form. A number of theories on the aetiology of this aggressive form of middle ear inflammation have been put forward and, in some cases, dismissed again.

We investigated the role of bacterial infection as a trigger in the development of cholesteatomas. For this purpose, we used modern molecular, cellular biological and immunohistochemical approaches on human biopsy material, since it has not been possible to date to establish an animal model resembling the human cholesteatoma. We report the different theories on the origin and development of cholesteatomas, as well as the findings to support each of these hypotheses. Many investigations into hyperproliferation, the various morphological sections of cholesteatomas, as well as into the expression of different proteins in these areas complete the presentation of our work. Finally, we emphasize that there is evidence to indicate that a weakness in the innate antimicrobial defense system of the human external ear skin may make a decisive contribution in the development cholesteatomas.