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Exploring sustainable solutions for the water environment in Chinese and Southeast Asian cities

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Abstract

Water is essential for human activities and economic development, and the water environment significantly influences ecological balance and global climate. China and Southeast Asia are the most populous areas in the world, and their water resources are deteriorating day by day. We focus on five representative cities such as, Beijing, Jakarta, Hanoi, Kathmandu and Manila to investigate water-environmental problems with the ultimate goal of providing recommendations for sustainable urban water management. The study found that (1) the water environment of all cities has been polluted to varying levels, while the pollution has improved in Beijing and Jakarta, and the situation in other regions is severe. (2) The aquatic biodiversity has reduced, and its pollution is mainly caused by organic pollutants and decreasing river flow. In addition, numerous people live in megacities without access to clean surface water or piped drinking water, which greatly increases the use of groundwater. Further, frequent floods in the world leads to serious damage to urban infrastructure and further deterioration of water environment quality. To address these problems, countries and organizations have begun to construct wastewater treatment plants and develop water-saving technology to ensure healthy and sustainable development of water environment. The results and practical recommendations of this study can provide scientific insights for future research and management strategies to address water quality challenges during ongoing policy debates and decision-making processes.

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Acknowledgements

In this study, the finance supports are given by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFE0103800); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD (Grant No. 300102299302), One Hundred Talent Plan of Shaanxi Province, International Collaborative Research of Disaster Prevention Research Institute of Kyoto University (Grant No. 2019W-02) and Excellent projects for science and technology activities of overseas staff in Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2018038). We give our deep thanks to the reviewers and editors for their valuable comments to improve our paper.

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  1. Yong Mu and Pingping Luo contributed equally to the manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China

    Pingping Luo, Aidi Huo, Meimei Zhou & Jiqiang Lyu

  2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China

    Pingping Luo, Yong Mu, Shuangtao Wang, Wei Zhu, Aidi Huo, Meimei Zhou & Jiqiang Lyu

  3. School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pokhara University, Pokhara-30, P.O. Box: 427, Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal

    Binaya Kumar Mishra

  4. School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Maochuan Hu

  5. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Weili Duan

  6. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    Bin He

  7. School of Engineering, University of California – Merced, 5200 Lake R, Merced, CA, 95343, USA

    Daniel Nover

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Luo, P., Mu, Y., Wang, S. et al. Exploring sustainable solutions for the water environment in Chinese and Southeast Asian cities. Ambio 51, 1199–1218 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01654-3

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