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Protection of wetlands as a strategy for reducing the spread of avian influenza from migratory waterfowl

Ambio volume 49, pages 939–949 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has led to the death or destruction of millions of domesticated and wild birds and caused hundreds of human deaths worldwide. As with other HPAIs, H5N1 outbreaks among poultry have generally been caused by contact with infected migratory waterfowl at the interface of wildlands and human-dominated landscapes. Using a case–control epidemiological approach, we analyzed the relation between habitat protection and H5N1 outbreaks in China from 2004 to 2017. We found that while proximity to unprotected waterfowl habitats and rice paddy generally increased outbreak risk, proximity to the most highly protected habitats (e.g., Ramsar-designated lakes and wetlands) had the opposite effect. Protection likely involves two mechanisms: the separation of wild waterfowl and poultry populations and the diversion of wild waterfowl from human-dominated landscapes toward protected natural habitats. Wetland protection could therefore be an effective means to control avian influenza while also contributing to avian conservation.

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Acknowledgments

Funding was provided by NSF-NIH-USDA Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases Program (Grant Number 1414374).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100875, China

    Tong Wu

  2. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Tong Wu, Charles Perrings, Chenwei Shang, James P. Collins, Ann Kinzig & Ben A. Minteer

  3. Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Chenwei Shang

  4. EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10001, USA

    Peter Daszak

  5. Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, 800 South Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Ann Kinzig

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  1. Tong Wu
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Wu, T., Perrings, C., Shang, C. et al. Protection of wetlands as a strategy for reducing the spread of avian influenza from migratory waterfowl. Ambio 49, 939–949 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01238-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01238-2

Keywords

  • Avian conservation
  • Avian influenza
  • China
  • Protected areas
  • Ramsar
  • Wetlands