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Sustaining food self-sufficiency of a nation: The case of Sri Lankan rice production and related water and fertilizer demands

Ambio volume 45, pages 302–312 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

Rising human demand and climatic variability have created greater uncertainty regarding global food trade and its effects on the food security of nations. To reduce reliance on imported food, many countries have focused on increasing their domestic food production in recent years. With clear goals for the complete self-sufficiency of rice production, Sri Lanka provides an ideal case study for examining the projected growth in domestic rice supply, how this compares to future national demand, and what the associated impacts from water and fertilizer demands may be. Using national rice statistics and estimates of intensification, this study finds that improvements in rice production can feed 25.3 million Sri Lankans (compared to a projected population of 23.8 million people) by 2050. However, to achieve this growth, consumptive water use and nitrogen fertilizer application may need to increase by as much as 69 and 23 %, respectively. This assessment demonstrates that targets for maintaining self-sufficiency should better incorporate avenues for improving resource use efficiency.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Paolo D’Odorico, George M. Hornberger, and Michael L. Pace for their useful insights during the preparation of this manuscript. We also thank Nathaniel Mueller for kindly providing data on irrigated area and nitrogen application rates. This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant no. DGE-00809128, DGE-0909667, and EAR-1204685).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA

    Kyle Frankel Davis & Jessica A. Gephart

  2. Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 407702, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA

    Thushara Gunda

Authors
  1. Kyle Frankel Davis
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  2. Jessica A. Gephart
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Correspondence to Kyle Frankel Davis.

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Davis, K.F., Gephart, J.A. & Gunda, T. Sustaining food self-sufficiency of a nation: The case of Sri Lankan rice production and related water and fertilizer demands. Ambio 45, 302–312 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0720-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0720-2

Keywords

  • Self-sufficiency
  • Food security
  • Agricultural intensification
  • Water footprint
  • Nitrogen runoff
  • Water resources