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Effects of the GSK-3β inhibitor (2Z,3E)-6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime upon ovarian cancer cells

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Tumor Biology

Abstract

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a deadly disease, and despite improvements in treatment, overall 5-year survival is low. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase. We wished to ascertain if the GSK-3β inhibitor (2Z,3E)-6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime, known as “BIO,” can suppress OC development. The OC cell lines A2780 and OVCAR3 were exposed to BIO. At different time points, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell invasion/cell migration assays were carried out. Phalloidin staining was undertaken to observe lamellipodia formation. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to assess expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein of GSK-3β, cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and p21. BIO suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of OC cells; reduced lamellipodia formation; and induced G1 arrest of the cell cycle. BIO exposure led to a significant downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1 and MMP9 in comparison with untreated control cells. In contrast, BIO exposure upregulated mRNA and protein expression of p21 in comparison with untreated control cells. Besides, GSK-3β small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection in ovarian cancer cells also downregulated GSK-3β, cyclin D1, and MMP9 protein expression while upregulated p21 expression. These data suggest that BIO, as an inhibitor of GSK-3β, can suppress OC development. Therefore, BIO could be a candidate drug for the treatment of OC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China

    Ai-Song Yu

  2. Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China

    Lin Zhao

  3. Clinical Oncology College, Dalian Medical University, Shenyang, 110042, China

    Lin Zhao

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  1. Ai-Song Yu
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  2. Lin Zhao
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Correspondence to Lin Zhao.

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Authors’ contributions

LZ conceived the study and analyzed interpretation. AS Y and LZ carried out the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the first and final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Yu, AS., Zhao, L. Effects of the GSK-3β inhibitor (2Z,3E)-6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime upon ovarian cancer cells. Tumor Biol. 37, 4857–4864 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4344-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4344-8

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