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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote renal cell carcinoma progression

Tumor Biology volume 36, pages 3483–3488 (2015)Cite this article

This article was retracted on 20 April 2017

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumor proliferation, migration, and development of drug resistance, thus underlying their potential as therapeutic targets in RCC patients. CAFs were grown in primary cultures. The in vitro model of interaction of RCC cell lines with CAFs was established. The influence of CAFs on the proliferation and migration ability as well as sensitivity to everolimus of RCC cells was further analyzed. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis was performed to examine the mechanisms mediating the effect of CAFs on RCC cells. The results of the MTT assay showed that coculture with CAFs increased the proliferation activity of both 786-O and Caki-1 cells compared with serum-free medium controls. The migration ability of RCC cell lines was also significantly enhanced after coculture treatment compared with untreated control. The inhibition effect of everolimus on 786-O and Caki-1 cells abrogated in cocultures with CAFs. The sensitivity of both two cell lines to everolimus was dramatically decreased when cocultured with CAFs. RCC cells cocultured with CAFs resulted in the activation of both proliferation-related (Erks) and survival-related (Akt) pathways. These data indicate that CAFs have an important role in supporting and promoting RCC. The interaction of CAFs with RCC cell lines stimulates tumor cell proliferation and migration and induces resistance to everolimus in RCC cells, suggesting that target of the tumor microenvironment may be a novel targeted therapies for RCC.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81472378, No. 81272841, No. 91129725), Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (13ZR1425100), and National S&T Major Projects (2012ZX09301001-007).

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China

    Yunze Xu, Yongning Lu, Jiajia Song, Baijun Dong, Wen Kong, Wei Xue, Jin Zhang & Yiran Huang

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  1. Yunze Xu
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  2. Yongning Lu
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  3. Jiajia Song
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  4. Baijun Dong
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  5. Wen Kong
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  6. Wei Xue
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  7. Jin Zhang
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  8. Yiran Huang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jin Zhang or Yiran Huang.

Additional information

Yunze Xu and Yongning Lu contributed equally to this work.

The Publisher and Editor retract this article in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). After a thorough investigation we have strong reason to believe that the peer review process was compromised.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13277-017-5487-6.

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Xu, Y., Lu, Y., Song, J. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote renal cell carcinoma progression. Tumor Biol. 36, 3483–3488 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2984-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2984-8

Keywords

  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts
  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • Everolimus
  • Tumor microenvironment
  • Targeted therapies