Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Serum C-reactive protein acted as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival in metastatic prostate cancer patients

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Tumor Biology

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether baseline serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were associated with overall survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer in the Chinese population. A total of 135 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Both Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and multivariable analysis by Cox regression model were used to assess the prognostic role of serum CRP levels on overall survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. There were 51 patients (37.8 %) with higher values of baseline serum CRP levels (≥10 mg/L). Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and log-rank test showed that patients with high serum CRP level (≥10 mg/L) had significantly worse overall survival than those patients with normal serum CRP level (<10 mg/L) (P < 0.001). The multivariable analysis by Cox regression model further showed that high serum CRP level (≥10 mg/L) was a significantly independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.39; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 1.56–2.39, P < 0.001). In addition, high Gleason score (≥8) also was an independent predictor of overall survival (HR = 1.80; 95 % CI 1.16–2.79, P = 0.008). In conclusion, serum CRP level is useful to predict the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer patients, and high serum CRP level is a significantly independent predictor of worse overall survival.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. de Resende MF, Chinen LT, Vieira S, Jampietro J, da Fonseca FP, Vassallo J, et al. Erratum to: prognostication of OCT4 isoform expression in prostate cancer. Tumor Biol. 2014;34(5):2665–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):69–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Crawford ED, Ventii K, Shore ND. New biomarkers in prostate cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2014;28(2):135–42.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wang HT, Li BG, Zhang PY, Yao YH, Chang JW. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of prostate cancer with liver metastases. Tumor Biol. 2014;35(1):595–601.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Vickers AJ, Thompson IM, Klein E, Carroll PR, Scardino PT. A commentary on PSA velocity and doubling time for clinical decisions in prostate cancer. Urology. 2014;83(3):592–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sita-Lumsden A, Dart DA, Waxman J, Bevan CL. Circulating microRNAs as potential new biomarkers for prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2013;108(10):1925–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Chao C, Chi M, Preciado M, Black MH. Methylation markers for prostate cancer prognosis: a systematic review. Cancer Causes Control. 2013;24(9):1615–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Logothetis CJ, Gallick GE, Maity SN, Kim J, Aparicio A, Efstathiou E, et al. Molecular classification of prostate cancer progression: foundation for marker-driven treatment of prostate cancer. Cancer Discov. 2013;3(8):849–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Trinchieri G. Cancer and inflammation: an old intuition with rapidly evolving new concepts. Annu Rev Immunol. 2012;30(1):677–706.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kowalewska M, Nowak R, Chechlinska M. Implications of cancer-associated systemic inflammation for biomarker studies. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1806(2):163–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. McMillan DC. Systemic inflammation, nutritional status and survival in patients with cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12(3):223–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. McMillan DC. An inflammation-based prognostic score and its role in the nutrition-based management of patients with cancer. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67(3):257–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Salazar J, Martinez MS, Chavez M, Toledo A, Anez R, Torres Y, et al. C-reactive protein: clinical and epidemiological perspectives. Cardiol Res Pract. 2014;2014(1):605810.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Ansar W, Ghosh S. C-reactive protein and the biology of disease. Immunol Res. 2013;56(1):131–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Allin KH, Nordestgaard BG. Elevated C-reactive protein in the diagnosis, prognosis, and cause of cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2011;48(4):155–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Han Y, Mao F, Wu Y, Fu X, Zhu X, Zhou S, et al. Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers. 2011;26(4):209–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Saito K, Kihara K. Role of C-reactive protein in urological cancers: a useful biomarker for predicting outcomes. Int J Urol. 2013;20(2):161–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Wallace TJ, Torre T, Grob M, Yu J, Avital I, Brucher B, et al. Current approaches, challenges and future directions for monitoring treatment response in prostate cancer. J Cancer. 2014;5(1):3–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Emadi Bayqi M, Soheili ZS, Essmann F, Deezaqi A, Engers R, Goering W, et al. Slug/SNAI2 regulates cell proliferation and invasiveness of metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. Tumor Biol. 2010;31(4):297–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hausmann S, Kong B, Michalski C, Erkan M, Friess H. The role of inflammation in pancreatic cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;816(1):129–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nowarski R, Gagliani N, Huber S, Flavell RA. Innate immune cells in inflammation and cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2013;1(2):77–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Al Ghazal A, Steffens S, Steinestel J, Lehmann R, Schnoeller TJ, Schulte-Hostede A, et al. Elevated C-reactive protein values predict nodal metastasis in patients with penile cancer. BMC Urol. 2013;13(1):53.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Jiang YH, Peng CH, Liu HT, Kuo HC. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein and nerve growth factor expressions in serum of patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e76779.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. De Luca A, de Gaetano DK, Colafigli M, Cozzi-Lepri A, De Curtis A, Gori A, et al. The association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and other biomarkers with cardiovascular disease in patients treated for HIV: a nested case-control study. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13(1):414.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang HE, Shapiro NI, Safford MM, Griffin R, Judd S, Rodgers JB, et al. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and risk of sepsis. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69232.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Saito K, Kihara K. Role of C-reactive protein as a biomarker for renal cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2010;10(12):1979–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kalousova M, Krechler T, Jachymova M, Kubena AA, Zak A, Zima T. Ferritin as an independent mortality predictor in patients with pancreas cancer: results of a pilot study. Tumor Biol. 2012;33(5):1695–700.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Xia WX, Ye YF, Lu X, Wang L, Ke LR, Zhang HB, et al. The impact of baseline serum C-reactive protein and C-reactive protein kinetics on the prognosis of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with palliative chemotherapy. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e76958.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. El-Shater Bosaily A, Arya M, Ahmed H. Clinical predictors of survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: evidence that Gleason score 6 cancer can evolve to lethal disease. Cancer. 2013;119(22):4052–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rusthoven CG, Carlson JA, Waxweiler TV, Yeh N, Raben D, Flaig TW, et al. The prognostic significance of Gleason scores in metastatic prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2014;32(5):707–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cui DW, Cheng YJ, Jing SW, Sun GG. Effect of cyclin G2 on proliferative ability of prostate cancer PC-3 cell. Tumor Biol. 2014;35(4):3017–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflicts of interest

None

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China

    Liuyu Xu, Qingli Zhao, Shengliang Huang, Shun Li, Jin Wang & Qing Li

Authors
  1. Liuyu Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qingli Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shengliang Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shun Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Qing Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qingli Zhao.

Additional information

Liuyu Xu and Qingli Zhao contributed equally to the present study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xu, L., Zhao, Q., Huang, S. et al. Serum C-reactive protein acted as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival in metastatic prostate cancer patients. Tumor Biol. 36, 669–673 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2670-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2670-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation