Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of calcium gluconate with natural extracts on skin toxicity of hydrofluoric acid

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Molecular & Cellular Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Backgrounds

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a highly corrosive acid. The conventional treatment for HF burn is topical application of calcium gluconate (CG). Our study aimed to assess the synergistic effects of natural extracts (Centella asiatica, Portulaca oleracea, and blueberry extracts) in combination with CG in healing HF induced burn wound.

Methods

We investigated the effects of different topical CG formulations with natural extracts using cell proliferation assay, western blot, reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction, human skin equivalent model (HSEM), and mouse model.

Results

Topical CG formulations with natural extracts showed better recovery from HF burns shown by greater collagen expression in the dermal fibroblast model, HSEM and mouse model.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that CG in combination with natural extracts show superior wound healing in treating HF burn compared to CG monotherapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. McKee, D., Thoma, A., Bailey, K. & Fish, J. A review of hydrofluoric acid burn management. Plast Surg (Oakv) 22, 95–98 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Sherman, N. E. Identity of hydrofluoric acid product. Clin Pharm 8, 690 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Flood, S. Hydrofluoric acid burns. Am Fam Physician 37, 175–182 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bertolini, J. C. Hydrofluoric acid: a review of toxicity. J Emerg Med 10, 163–168 (1992).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Yasuda, H., Honda, S., Yamamoto, O. & Asahi, M. Therapeutic effect of topical calcium gluconate for hydrofluoric acid burn––time limit for the start of the treatment. J UOEH 21, 209–216 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bracken, W. M. et al. Comparative effectiveness of topical treatments for hydrofluoric acid burns. J Occup Med 27, 733–739 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Han, H. H., Kwon, B. Y., Jung, S. N. & Moon, S. H. Importance of initial management and surgical treatment after hydrofluoric acid burn of the finger. Burns 43, e1–e6 (2017).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang, X. et al. A review of treatment strategies for hydrofluoric acid burns: current status and future prospects. Burns 40, 1447–1457 (2014).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chick, L. R. & Borah, G. Calcium carbonate gel therapy for hydrofluoric acid burns of the hand. Plast Reconstr Surg 86, 935–940 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Somboonwong, J., Kankaisre, M., Tantisira, B. & Tantisira, M. H. Wound healing activities of different extracts of Centella asiatica in incision and burn wound models: an experimental animal study. BMC Complement Altern Med 12, 103 (2012).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Hou, Q. et al. Burn wound healing properties of asiaticoside and madecassoside. Exp Ther Med 12, 1269–1274 (2016).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Shukla, A. et al. In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from Centella asiatica. J Ethnopharmacol 65, 1–11 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Uddin, M. K. et al. Purslane weed (Portulaca oleracea): a prospective plant source of nutrition, omega–3 fatty acid, and antioxidant attributes. Sci World J 2014, 951019 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sellappan, S., Akoh, C. C. & Krewer, G. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Georgia–grown blueberries and blackberries. J Agric Food Chem 50, 2432–2438 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Stuke, L. E., Arnoldo, B. D., Hunt, J. L. & Purdue, G. F. Hydrofluoric acid burns: a 15–year experience. J Burn Care Res 29, 893–896 (2008).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Seyb, S. T., Noordhoek, L., Botens, S. & Mani, M. M. A study to determine the efficacy of treatments for hydrofluoric acid burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 16, 253–257 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Strausburg, M., Travers, J. & Mousdicas, N. Hydrofluoric acid exposure: a case report and review on the clinical presentation and management. Dermatitis 23, 231–236 (2012).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Palao, R., Monge, I., Ruiz, M. & Barret, J. P. Chemical burns: pathophysiology and treatment. Burns 36, 295–304 (2010).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sheridan, R. L. et al. Emergency management of major hydrofluoric acid exposures. Burns 21, 62–64 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Greco, R. J., Hartford, C. E., Haith, L. R.. Jr. & Patton, M. L. Hydrofluoric acid–induced hypocalcemia. J Trauma 28, 1593–1596 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ozcan, M., Allahbeickaraghi, A. & Dundar, M. Possible hazardous effects of hydrofluoric acid and recommendations for treatment approach: a review. Clin Oral Investig 16, 15–23 (2012).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kirkpatrick, J. J., Enion, D. S. & Burd, D. A. Hydrofluoric acid burns: a review. Burns 21, 483–493 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dowbak, G., Rose, K. & Rohrich, R. J. A biochemical and histologic rationale for the treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns with calcium gluconate. J Burn Care Rehabil 15, 323–327 (1994).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Burkhart, K. K. et al. Comparison of topical magnesium and calcium treatment for dermal hydrofluoric acid burns. Ann Emerg Med 24, 9–13 (1994).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Songur, M. K. et al. Comparison of skin effects of immediate treatment modalities in experimentally induced hydrofluoric acid skin burns. Int Wound J 12, 716–723 (2015).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Browne, T. D. Treatment of acid skin burns. Occup Health (Lond) 26, 224–225 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kono, K. et al. An experimental study on the treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 22, 414–418 (1992).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Roblin, I. et al. Topical treatment of experimental hydrofluoric acid skin burns by 2.5% calcium gluconate. J Burn Care Res 27, 889–894 (2006).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Dunn, B. J. et al. Hydrofluoric acid dermal burns. An assessment of treatment efficacy using an experimental pig model. J Occup Med 34, 902–909 (1992).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Shetty, B. S., Udupa, S. L., Udupa, A. L. & Somayaji, S. N. Effect of Centella asiatica L (Umbelliferae) on normal and dexamethasone–suppressed wound healing in Wistar Albino rats. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 5, 137–143 (2006).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. An, I. S. et al. Titrated extract of Centella asiatica provides a UVB protective effect by altering microRNA expression profiles in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 30, 1194–1202 (2012).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Liu, M. et al. Madecassoside isolated from Centella asiatica herbs facilitates burn wound healing in mice. Planta Med 74, 809–815 (2008).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Yao, C. H. et al. Wound–healing effect of electrospun gelatin nanofibres containing Centella asiatica extract in a rat model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 11, 905–915 (2015).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Chan, K. et al. The analgesic and anti–inflammatory effects of Portulaca oleracea L. subsp. Sativa (Haw.) Celak. J Ethnopharmacol 73, 445–451 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhou, Y. X. et al. Portulaca oleracea L.: a review of phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Biomed Res Int 2015, 925631 (2015).

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Rashed, A. N., Afifi, F. U. & Disi, A. M. Simple evaluation of the wound healing activity of a crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L. (growing in Jordan) in Mus musculus JVI–1. J Ethnopharmacol 88, 131–136 (2003).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kahkonen, M. P. et al. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 47, 3954–3962 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Moyer, R. A. et al. Anthocyanins, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity in diverse small fruits: vaccinium, rubus, and ribes. J Agric Food Chem 50, 519–525 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. McFarland, K. L. et al. Culture medium and cell density impact gene expression in normal skin and abnormal scar–derived fibroblasts. J Burn Care Res 32, 498–508 (2011).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Nakaoka, H., Miyauchi, S. & Miki, Y. Proliferating activity of dermal fibroblasts in keloids and hypertrophic scars. Acta Derm Venereol 75, 102–104 (1995).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Mertsching, H., Weimer, M., Kersen, S. & Brunner, H. Human skin equivalent as an alternative to animal testing. GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip 3, 1–4 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Park, Y.–H. et al. Effect of the size and surface charge of silica nanoparticles on cutaneous toxicity. Mol Cell Toxicol 9, 67–74 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Burgher, F. et al. Experimental 70% hydrofluoric acid burns: histological observations in an established human skin explants ex vivo model. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 30, 100–107 (2011).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hojer, J., Personne, M., Hulten, P. & Ludwigs, U. Topical treatments for hydrofluoric acid burns: a blind controlled experimental study. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 40, 861–866 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Jung Jin Shin, Hana Lee, Sang Hoon Jeong, Ji Hyun Kim & Sang Wook Son

  2. Aerospace Medical Group, Air Force Education and Training Command, Jinju, Republic of Korea

    Jung Jin Shin

  3. WIZCHEM Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

    Myungjin Lee

Authors
  1. Jung Jin Shin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hana Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sang Hoon Jeong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ji Hyun Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Myungjin Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sang Wook Son
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Myungjin Lee or Sang Wook Son.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shin, J.J., Lee, H., Jeong, S.H. et al. The effect of calcium gluconate with natural extracts on skin toxicity of hydrofluoric acid. Mol. Cell. Toxicol. 14, 381–389 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-018-0042-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-018-0042-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation