Abstract
This study addresses the design of a full-authority Attitude Command-Attitude Hold flight control system for the Bo-105 helicopter. A single sixth-order dynamic controller replaces the PID-based arrangement that usually forms the core of rotorcraft flight control systems. The proposed design methodology combines multi-model and multi-objective approaches within the framework of structured \(H_\infty\) software tools. Owing to the multi-model approach, only two sets of gains are sufficient to cover the entire speed range between hover and maximum velocity. In addition, \(\mu\)-analysis tools can be used in conjunction with this approach to improve robustness against parametric uncertainties. Simultaneously, the multi-objective approach facilitates the design process and establishes connections between the tuning parameters and handling qualities. The performance of the resulting flight control system is investigated in this study, and evaluated against the attitude quickness, bandwidth and inter-axis coupling criteria, as defined by ADS-33. The resulting design achieves Level 1 performance in most cases. Besides, the merits and limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed in this paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.


















Data availability
Not applicable.
References
Stiles, L.R., Mayo, J., Freisner, A.L., Landis, K.H., and Kothmann, B.D.: Impossible to Resist: The Development of Rotorcraft Fly-by-Wire Technology. In American Helicopter Society \(60^{th}\) Annual Forum (2004)
Huo, J., Gu, H.: Survey on flight control technology for large-scale helicopter. Int. J. Aerosp. Eng. 2017(02), 1ā14 (2017)
Anonymous.: Aeronautical Design Standard - Performance Specification. Handling Qualities Requirements for Military Rotorcraft ADS-33E-PRF, March (2000)
Tischler, M., Colbourne, J., Morel, M., Biezad, D., Levine, W., Moldoveanu, V.: CONDUIT: a new multidisciplinary integration environment for flight control development (1997)
Antonioli, J.C., Taghizad, A., Rakotomamonjy, T., Ouladsine, M.: Helicopter flight control design tool integrating handling qualities. In \(5^{th}\) European Conference for Aerospace Sciences (EUCASS) (2013)
Antonioli, J.C., Taghizad, A., Rakotomamonjy, T., Ouladsine, M.: Development of flying qualities based charts as a support for the initialization of the gains of helicopter control laws. In IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA/MSC) (2014)
Antonioli, J.C., Taghizad, A., Rakotomamonjy, T., Ouladsine, M.: Towards the development of a methodology for designing helicopter flight control laws by integrating handling qualities requirements from the first stage of tuning. In \(40^{th}\) European Rotorcraft Forum (ERF) (2014)
Biannic, J.-M., Taghizad, A., Dujols, L., Perozzi, G.: A multi-objective \(H_\infty\) design framewok for helicopter PID control tuning with handling qualities requirements. In \(7^{th}\) European Conference for Aerospace Sciences (EUCASS) (2017)
Srinathkumar, S.: Eigenstructure control: a rotorcraft handling qualities engineering tool. J. Am. Helicopter Soc. 60, 04 (2015)
Padfield, G.D.: Helicopter flight dynamics, 2nd edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford (2007)
Srinathkumar, S.: Eigenstructure control algorithms, Applications to aircraft/rotorcraft handling qualities design, IET Control Engineering Series 74 (2011)
Seiler, P., Packard, A., Gahinet, P.: An introduction to disk margins. IEEE Control Syst. Mag. 40, 10 (2020)
Apkarian, P., Noll, D.: Non-smooth \(H_\infty\) synthesis. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 51(1), 229ā244 (2006)
Gahinet, P., Apkarian, P.: Structured H-Infinity Synthesis in MATLAB. In IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline), 18, 1435ā1440 (2011)
Apkarian, P., Gahinet, P., Buhr, C.: Multi-model, multi-objective tuning of fixed-structure controllers. In European Control Conference (ECC) Proceedings, 856ā861 (2014)
Apkarian, P., Dao, M.-N., Noll, D.: Parametric robust structured control design. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 60(7), 1857ā1869 (2015)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author has no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. No funding was received for conducting this study.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
AuthiƩ, P. A multi-model and multi-objective approach to the design of helicopter flight control laws. CEAS Aeronaut J (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-023-00675-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-023-00675-w