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Genome-wide identification and characterization of the AMPK genes and their distinct expression patterns in response to air exposure in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum)

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Abstract

Introduction

AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK) are heterotrimeric complexes. The main upstream phosphorylase has AMP-dependent LKB1 and Ca2+-dependent CaMKK beta. AMPK also includes an auto-inhibitory domain and a region associated with beta and gamma subunits, which regulate a variety of cellular activities and energy metabolism. The increase in the ratio of AMP/ATP can stimulate the activation of AMPK. Once AMPK is activated, pathways to ATP consumption (e.g., fat, cholesterol, and protein synthesis) will be shut down. The pathway to ATP generation (e.g., oxidation of fat and glycolysis pathway) will be activated. AMPK genes have not been systematically characterized in marine invertebrates.

Methods

In this study, we identified and characterized three AMPK genes, AMPK-α, AMPK-β, and AMPK-γ, in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). To gain insight into the role of AMPK genes during clam energy metabolism, quantitative real-time PCR was used to investigate the expression profiles in the different stages of clam development, in healthy adult tissues, and after air exposure at two different temperatures.

Results

Phylogenetic and protein structural analyses were conducted to determine the identity and evolutionary relationships of these genes. The structural features of the genes were relatively well-conserved, relative to the AMPK genes of other vertebrates. The expression of genes was significantly induced 3–48 h after air exposure.

Conclusinon

AMPK-α, AMPK-β and AMPK-γ are involved in clam energy metabolism. Increased expression levels of AMPK genes in the gill and intestine of Manila clam in response to air exposure implied a strong adaptability to the coastal environment.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this work. This research was supported by a Grant from Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology through the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0901400), National Science Foundation of China (41606133), General Project of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (L201604), Dalian high level talent innovation support program (2017RQ062), Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1807271), and funds earmarked for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-49).

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  1. Jingtian Wang and Lei Fang contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, No. 52, Hei Shi Jiao Street, Dalian City, 116023, China

    Jingtian Wang, Lei Fang, Qidi Wu, Dongdong Li, Zhongming Huo & Xiwu Yan

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  1. Jingtian Wang
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Wang, J., Fang, L., Wu, Q. et al. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the AMPK genes and their distinct expression patterns in response to air exposure in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Genes Genom 42, 1–12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-019-00872-0

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