Abstract
The Korean populations of Apodemus peninsulae are characterized by high levels of haplotype diversity (H d = 0.980) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00844) and forms a geographically distinct genetic lineage from their neighboring haplotypes. The Tajima’s D and Fu’s F s tests to estimate demographic history of Korean populations show that the Korean A. peninsulae might have experienced population expansion. These results might be understood in relation to the role of the Korean Peninsula as one of Northeast Asian refugia during the Quaternary glacial ages. A possible scenario is that the ancestral populations have arrived in the Korean Peninsula during the Quaternary glaciations and then they might have evolved as local populations, with population expansion, which are endemic to the Korean Peninsula. The Korean populations appear not to have experienced genetic exchange with their neighboring populations since their colonization in the Korean Peninsula.
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Acknowledgments
This study was carried out with the support of “Research Program for Agricultural Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ01085902)”, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper.
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Animal collections were conducted under permission of the Ministry of Environment of Korea and the Korean local governments. All animal experiments throughout the study were conducted in accordance with guidelines of Kangwon National University for the care and use of animals.
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13258_2015_331_MOESM2_ESM.pptx
Fig. 1. Geographical distribution of Apodemus peninsulae in the neighboring regions from the Korean Peninsula (PPTX 410 kb)
13258_2015_331_MOESM3_ESM.pdf
Fig. 2. Intraspecific phylogeney of Apodems peninsulae. The neighbor joining analysis was performed using Kimura 2-parameter with 1000 bootstraps for reliability of branch node in PAUP* 4.0b10. The Bayesian analysis was performed using Bayesian inference (BI) procedures in MrBayes version 3.2.2. For the BI analysis, the GTR + I+G model was selected as the best-fit model under Akaike information criterion (AIC) by Modeltest 3.7. Separate partitions for 1st, 2nd and 3rd codon positions were applied. The BI was performed with two simultaneous runs of one million generations using flat priors and one cold and three hot Monte Carlo Markov Chains. Numbers on the nodes represent NJ bootstrap value/BI posterior probability, respectively. Apodemus speciosus (AB032849) and Abeomelomys sevia tatei (EU349730) were used as outgroup (PDF 402 kb)
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Kim, H.R., Park, Y.C. Genetic isolation of Korean populations of Apodemus peninsulae (Rodentia: Muridae) from their neighboring populations. Genes Genom 37, 999–1005 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-015-0331-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-015-0331-0