Skip to main content

Robustness evaluation of heart rate variability measures for age gender related autonomic changes in healthy volunteers

Abstract

To analyze motion artifact’s affect on HRV measures, the age/gender related autonomic changes were investigated by using different HRV measures from wearable medical devices under ambulatory home-monitoring condition. Twelve healthy undergraduates and 20 healthy elderly subjects participated in the research. The electrocardiogram data was collected by using waist-worn device developed by us. Ten HRV measures were used to analyze the age-related automatic change including linear and nonlinear HRV indexes. Many linear HRV indexes were seriously contaminated by motion artefact, and did not reflect the age-related autonomic change. The approximate entropy (p < 0.001) was the best indicator among 10 HRV indexes. However, the approximate entropy was also contaminated by motion artefact and did not reflect the gender-related autonomic change. The study verified the hypothesis that the HRV measures could be contaminated under ambulatory monitoring condition. It is importance for ambulatory home-monitoring to study the robustness of HRV measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

References

  1. Billman GE, Schwartz PJ, Tone HL (1982) Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate predictor of sudden cardiac death. Circulation 66:874–880

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ponikowski P, Anker SD, Chua TP et al (1997) Depressed heart rate variability as an independent predictor of death in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 79(12):1645–1650

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sudhir V, Robert S, Bradley M et al (1994) Relation between heart rate variability early after acute myocardial infarction and long-term mortality. Am J Cardiol 73(9):653–657

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Schroeder EB, Liao DP, Chambless LE et al (2003) Hypertension, blood pressure, and heart rate variability—the Atherosclerosis risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Hypertension 42(6):1106–1111

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gurses D, Ulger Z, Levent E et al (2005) Time domain heart rate variability analysis in patients with thalassaemia major. Acta Cardiol 60(5):477–481

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Michal J, Zuzana T, Ingrid T et al (2008) Short-term heart rate complexity is reduced in patients 14 with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Neurophysiol 119(5):1071–1081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Karason K, Molgaard H, Wikstrand J et al (1999) Heart rate variability in obesity and the effect of weight loss. Am J Cardiol 83(8):1242–1247

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hasan A, Nuran C, Selma A et al (2011) The effect of varenicline on heart rate variability in healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Auton Neurosci 164(1–2):82–86

    Google Scholar 

  9. Esa H, Niilo K, Ulla K et al (2011) The incidence of stress symptoms and heart rate variability during sleep and orthostatic test. Eur J Appl Physiol 111(5):733–741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Watanabe T, Sugiyama Y, Sumi Y et al (2002) Effects of vital exhaustion on cardiac autonomic nervous functions assessed by heart rate variability at rest in middle-aged male workers. Int J Behav Med 9(1):68–75

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Seyd APT, Joseph PK, Jacob J (2012) Automated diagnosis of diabetes using heart rate variability signals. J Med Syst 36(3):1935–1941

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yildiz M, Ider YZ (2006) Model based and experimental investigation of respiratory effect on the HRV power spectrum. Physiol Meas 27(10):973–988

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yeragani VK, Srinivasan K, Vempati S, Pohl R, Balon R (1993) Fractal dimension of heart rate time series: an effective measure of autonomic function. J Appl Physiol 75:2429–2438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Babloyantz A, Destexhe A (1988) Is the normal heart a periodic oscillator? Biol Cybern 58:203–211

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Richman JS, Moorman JR et al (2000) Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy. Am J Physiol 278:2039–2049

    Google Scholar 

  16. Haitham MAA, Alan VS et al (2007) Use of sample entropy approach to study heart rate variability in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 54(10):1900–1904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hu J, Gao JB, Tung WW et al (2010) Multiscale analysis of heart rate variability: a comparison of different complexity measures. Ann Biomed Eng 38(3):854–864

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Liu GZ, Huang BY, Wang L (2011) A wearable respiratory biofeedback system based on generalized body sensor network. Telemed J E Health 17(5):348–357

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Moore SK (2006) Calm in your palm: biofeedback device promises to reduce stress. IEEE Spectrum 43(3):60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Shemaila S, Mazhar HM, Imran MSM et al (2012) Gender differences of heart rate variability in healthy volunteers. J Pak Med Assoc 62(5):422–425

    Google Scholar 

  21. Umetani K, Singer DH et al (1998) Twenty-four hour time domain heart rate variability and heart rate: relations to age and gender over nine decades. J Am Coll Cardiol 31(3):593–601

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ren C, O’Neill MS, Park SK et al (2011) Ambient temperature, air pollution, and heart rate variability in an aging population. Am J Epidemiol 173(9):1013–1021

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Malik M (1996) Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Circulation 93:1043–1065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Miguel AGG, Mireya FC, Juan RC (2009) Errors in the estimation of approximate entropy and other recurrence-plot-derived indices due to the finite resolution of rr time series. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 56(2):345–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Faust O, Acharya UR, Semolina F et al (2012) Linear and non-linear analysis of cardiac health in diabetic subjects. Biomed Signal Process Control 7(3):295–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Neumann T, Post H, Ganz RE et al (2001) Linear and non-linear dynamics of heart rate variability in brain dead organ donors. Z Kardiol 90(7):484–491

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Guzzetti S, Mezzetti S, Magatelli R et al (2000) Linear and non-linear 24 h heart rate variability in chronic heart failure. Auton Neurosci 86(1–2):114–119

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Korhonen I, Mainard LT, Ypparila H et al (2001) Comparison of linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in sedated cardiac surgery patients. In: Proceedings of annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, vol 23, pp 496–499

  29. Gao HQ, Duan XH, Guo XQ, Huang A, Jiao BL (2013) Design and tests of a smartphones-based multi-lead ECG monitoring system. In: 35th annual international conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp 2267–2270

  30. Kim KK, Baek HJ, Lim YG et al (2012) Effect of missing RR-interval data on nonlinear heart rate variability analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 106(3):210–218

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Vigo DE, Guinjoan SM, Scaramal M et al (2005) Wavelet transform shows age-related changes of heart rate variability within independent frequency components. Auton Neurosci 123(1–2):94–100

    PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Jokinen V, Syvanne M, Makikallio TH et al (2001) Temporal age-related changes in spectral, fractal and complexity characteristics of heart rate variability. Clin Physiol 21(3):273–281

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Stein PK, Kleiger RE, Rottman JN (1997) Differing effects of age on HRV in men and women. Am J Cardiol 80(3):302–305

    PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Moodithaya S, Avadhany ST (2012) Gender differences in age-related changes in cardiac autonomic nervous function. J Aging Res 2012:679345

    PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

These authors are sincerely thankful to all volunteers participated in the experiment.

Author information

Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guanzheng Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, G., Wang, Q., Chen, S. et al. Robustness evaluation of heart rate variability measures for age gender related autonomic changes in healthy volunteers. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 37, 567–574 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-014-0281-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-014-0281-x

Keywords

  • HRV
  • Robustness
  • Ambulatory monitoring
  • Motion artefact