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Effect of Overt Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes and Progression

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The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background/Purpose

To study the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and the incidence of postpartum diabetes in women with overt diabetes and GDM.

Methods

This prospective cohort observational study was done on women with GDM diagnosed after the first trimester, attending the tertiary care hospitals for 2.3 years. Comparison of clinical variables and maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded in women with overt diabetes and GDM. The postpartum glycemic status was determined at 1 and 6 months.

Results

There were 32(17.9%) women with overt diabetes and 146(82.1%) women with GDM. Women with overt diabetes were older, had a higher frequency of pre-pregnancy and maternal obesity, family history of diabetes, previous history of GDM, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), signs of insulin resistance, and need for insulin treatment than women with GDM. The prevalence of gestational hypertension and frequency of spontaneous abortion and large for gestational age (LGA) neonates were significantly higher in women with overt diabetes than in GDM, despite comparable glycemic goals. Postpartum diabetes at 1 and 6 months was significantly higher in women with overt diabetes than in those with GDM.

Conclusion

It is critical to identify women with overt diabetes in pregnancy because of increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, and rapid progression to postpartum diabetes, despite achieving optimal glycemic goals.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their greatest gratitude to all participating patients, health professionals, and community support group members, who provided assistance for this study. I also thank the technical department of Endocrinology and Obstetrics.

Funding

Nil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, All Is Well Multi Speciality Hospital, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Tauseef Nabi

  2. Department of Physiology, Govt. Medical College Baramulla, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Nadeema Rafiq

  3. J & K Health Services, PHC Sheeri, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Quratul Ain Arifa

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All Is Well Multi Speciality Hospital, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Smriti Mishra

Authors
  1. Tauseef Nabi
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  2. Nadeema Rafiq
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  3. Quratul Ain Arifa
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  4. Smriti Mishra
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Contributions

TN designed the study, supervised the work, and reviewed the article. TN, NR, QAA, and SM collectively did the literature search. TN and SM conducted the clinical studies. TN, NR, and QAA did the data analysis. TN and QAA performed statistical analysis. TN, NR, QAA, and SM worked together to write the article and edit and critical revisions of manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tauseef Nabi.

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Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts of interest to be declared.

Ethical Approval

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all the participants included in the study.

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Nabi, T., Rafiq, N., Arifa, Q.A. et al. Effect of Overt Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes and Progression. J Obstet Gynecol India 72 (Suppl 1), 235–242 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-022-01649-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-022-01649-4

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