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Miscarriage Risk Factors for Pregnant Women: A Cohort Study in Eastern Algeria’s Population

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Abstract

Background

Miscarriage is defined as an adverse and unexpected termination of pregnancy; it is the most frequent pregnancy complication. Here, we aimed to identify the factors predisposing to miscarriage in pregnant women in Eastern Algeria and the effect of the combination of several factors, including maternal Body Mass Index (BMI), maternal age, concomitant pathologies, and nutrients, and to predict the occurrence of miscarriage.

Methods

A total of 786 pregnant women from Eastern Algeria were interviewed between 2011 and 2015. Association between miscarriage exposure and identified risk factors was assessed using a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), ANOVA test, Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA). Throughout this study, we sought to find answers, discuss this association, and predict the occurrence of miscarriage.

Results

We developed a predictive model for miscarriage, and we found that miscarriage was significantly higher for pregnant women aged over 35 years (1.75; 95% CI: 0.75–4.37; p = 0.208), with a high BMI (> 25 kg/m2), (1.88; 95% CI:1.28–2.78; p = 0.001). We have highlighted that miscarriage is strongly associated with hypertension (1.67; 95% CI: 1.16–2.39; p = 0.006), diet rich in meat (0.60; 95% CI: 0.33–1.04; p = 0.075), and moderate in fish (2.32; 95% CI: 1.18–4.58; p = 0.015).

Conclusion

Our study proved that knowing these risk factors helps to establish predictive models and strategies to prevent tragic pregnancy outcomes and highlights the link between miscarriage and several risk factors; and thus, will allow protecting mother and fetus health.

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Acknowledgments

This paper and the research behind it would not have been possible without the exceptional support of my supervisor Pr. Mouloud Yahia (RIP). I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my colleagues at Batna University for their technical assistance, provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research. I wish to extend my special thanks and greet everyone who has supported the creation of this work. Great thanks to The DGRSDT (General Directorate of Scientific Research and Technological Development in Algeria), Departments of Health in hospitals of Mother and Child, especially The Head of the Department of Health in Batna, and Dr. Benakcha.

Funding

No funds, grants, or other support were received.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biotechnology of Bioactive Molecules and Cellular Pathophysiology, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Nature’s Life, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria

    Adel Kalla, Lotfi Loucif & Mouloud Yahia

Authors
  1. Adel Kalla
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  2. Lotfi Loucif
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Contributions

Adel Kalla led the study by being involved in data collection, performing the statistical analysis, interpreting the results, conceiving, and designing this article, and providing intellectual content revisions and suggestions for clarity and precision on the subject matter. Mouloud Yahia has initiated the study as a physio-pathologist and the head of the laboratory. Lotfi Loucif has been part of the study as the new head of the laboratory. All authors read and approved the final review manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adel Kalla.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

Anonymous data are obtained from the Department of Health of Batna, who determined that Ethics approval is complying with the specific requirements of Algeria Law. The approval of a research ethics committee is not necessary in Algeria for an observational study since no intervention on patients took place in this study. Nonetheless, the study received clearance from the Internal Review Board of the University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria.

Consent to Participate

Patients were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of our research. However, informed written consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study before conducting the interviews.

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Adel KALLA is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences at the University of Batna 2, Algeria.

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Kalla, A., Loucif, L. & Yahia, M. Miscarriage Risk Factors for Pregnant Women: A Cohort Study in Eastern Algeria’s Population. J Obstet Gynecol India 72 (Suppl 1), 109–120 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-021-01564-0

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