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Study of Prevalence of Abnormal Pap Smear and its Associated Risk Factors in HIV Positive Women: A Cross-sectional Study

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The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

1. To determine the prevalence of pre malignant cervical lesions in HIV positive women using conventional Pap smear. 2. To determine the association between various risk factors in HIV positive women and abnormal cytology on Pap smear.

Design

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangalore Medical College in which eligible HIV-positive women underwent Pap smear, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cervical biopsy.

Methods

Retropositive women attending gynaec OPD during the study period were taken into the study after taking informed consent. Women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were subjected to Pap smear. Bethesda system of classification was used for reporting the Pap smear. Women with abnormal Pap smear were further evaluated by HPV DNA testing and cervical biopsy.

Results

Cervical cytology was abnormal in 30% of the HIV-positive women, out of which 10% had HSIL, 15% had LSIL and 5% had ASCUS. Age at first sexual intercourse < 17 years (p = 0.009), past H/O STI (p = 0.0001), women with husband’s having multiple sexual partners (p = 0.0001), women with CD4 count < 350 cells/micro-litre (p = 0.0001) were significant risk factors associated with abnormal Pap smear.

Conclusion

Invasive cervical cancer is considered a preventable disease because of its long preinvasive state. Therefore, screening for premalignant cervical lesions represents an opportunity to prevent women developing cervical carcinoma.

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Funding

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of OBG, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, #22/C, 7th Main Road, Sharada Colony, Basaveshwaranagar, Bangalore, 560079, India

    S. Prathima

  2. Department of OBG, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, #55, 11th Main Road, Malleshwaram, Bangalore, 560003, India

    Sarojini

  3. Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, #961/8, 14th A Cross, 3rd phase, HIG-A Sector, NewTownship, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India

    B. Latha

  4. Department of OBG, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, #620, A4 Block, Krishna Block, National Games Village, Koramangala, Bangalore, 560047, India

    T. R. Ashakiran

Authors
  1. S. Prathima
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  2. Sarojini
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  4. T. R. Ashakiran
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. R. Ashakiran.

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Conflict of interest

The author declares there is no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

The study was reviewed and approved by Ethical committee of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute on 06–05-2016, Ref. no: BMCRI/PS/412/2015–16.

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Dr. Prathima S. Assistant Professor, Department of OBG, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bengaluru, #22/C, 7th Main Road, Sharada Colony, Basaveshwaranagar, Bengaluru 560079; Dr. Sarojini Assistant Professor, Department of OBG, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bengaluru, #55, 11th Main Road, Malleshwaram, Bengaluru 560003; Dr. Latha B. Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bengaluru, #961/8, 14th A Cross, 3rd phase, HIG-A Sector, NewTownship, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064; Dr. Ashakiran T.R. Associate Professor, Department of OBG, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bengaluru, #620, A4 Block, Krishna Block, National Games Village, Koramangala, Bengaluru 560047.

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Prathima, S., Sarojini, Latha, B. et al. Study of Prevalence of Abnormal Pap Smear and its Associated Risk Factors in HIV Positive Women: A Cross-sectional Study. J Obstet Gynecol India 72 (Suppl 1), 255–261 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-021-01533-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-021-01533-7

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