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Salivary and Serum Antioxidants in Women with Preeclampsia with or Without Periodontal Disease

The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India volume 68, pages 33–38 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

Background and Objectives

Preeclampsia is a challenging disease of human pregnancy that affects the mother and her foetus. It is a common obstetric syndrome of undefined aetiology affecting 7–10% of pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde levels, uric acid, vitamin C, and vitamin E levels in serum and saliva of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women with and without periodontitis.

Methods

Sixty pregnant women, divided into four groups, preeclamptic women with and without periodontitis, and normotensive pregnant women with and without periodontitis, were recruited between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation from the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KS Hedge Hospital, Mangalore. Pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and gingival index were measured in all subjects. Saliva and serum levels of TAC, SOD, and GPx activities, malondialdehyde levels, vitamin C, vitamin E, uric acid were determined using spectrophotometer.

Results

Comparison of sociodemographic variables among the study groups showed no significant differences. Salivary malondialdehyde levels were highest (p = 0.025), levels of antioxidants vitamin C (p = 0.027) and uric acid (p = 0.013) being significantly lower in preeclamptic women with periodontitis. This group also had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin C (p = 0.041) and SOD (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

The results of our study show that periodontal disease may be potential risk factor for severity, progression, and even initiation of preeclampsia because of reduced antioxidant capacity or increased oxidative stress.

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Abbreviations

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

PP:

Preeclamptic pregnant women with periodontal disease group

PH:

Preeclamptic pregnant women with periodontal health group

NP:

Normotensive pregnant women with periodontal disease group

NH:

Normotensive pregnant women with periodontal health group

SD:

Standard deviation

PD:

Pocket depth

CAL:

Clinical attachment level

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Acknowledgements

Project funded by Nitte University Faculty Grant for Research (2014), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the faculty of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of KS Hegde Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore. The Principal Investigator Mamatha Shetty has received a faculty research grant from Nitte University.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, 575018, India

    Mamatha S. Shetty, Amitha Ramesh & Priyanka Agumbe

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, 575018, India

    Prasanna Kumar Shetty

Authors
  1. Mamatha S. Shetty
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  2. Amitha Ramesh
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  3. Prasanna Kumar Shetty
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  4. Priyanka Agumbe
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mamatha S. Shetty.

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Conflict of interest

There are no other conflict of interest for the P.I. Amitha Ramesh, Prasanna Kumar Shetty, Priyanka Agumbe declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Standard

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008(5).

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

Additional information

Mamatha S. Shetty, MDS, Reader, Amitha Ramesh, MDS, Professor, Priyanka Agumbe, Post Graduate Student, Department of Periodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, 575018, India. Prasanna Kumar Shetty, MD, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, 575018 India.

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Shetty, M.S., Ramesh, A., Shetty, P.K. et al. Salivary and Serum Antioxidants in Women with Preeclampsia with or Without Periodontal Disease. J Obstet Gynecol India 68, 33–38 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-017-0993-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-017-0993-4

Keywords

  • Periodontitis
  • Antioxidants
  • Preeclampsia