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Colonization and molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the rhizosphere of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in Benin (West Africa): an exploratory study

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Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is an important plant root–fungal partnership/interaction that affects the growth response of crops. We have investigated the molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonizing cowpea roots and the associated rhizosphere soil to test the hypothesis that community diversity in rhizosphere soil is similar to that in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) roots. Cowpea plants were grown in farmers’ fields located in seven agro-ecological zones of Benin, and soil and root samples were collected. The molecular diversity of the AMF in these samples was assessed after amplification of the large ribosomal subunit of DNA extracted from the soil and the root samples. At fruition, the frequency of mycorrhizal infection was unaffected by the agro-ecological zone, but there were significant differences in the intensity of AMF colonization among the zones. Multiple regression analysis showed that the main factor affecting mycorrhizal frequency at flowering was available phosphorus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 25 operational taxonomic units belonging to two fungal families (Glomeraceae and Gigasporaceae). The diversity of AMF colonizing roots of cowpea in Benin was high and fairly similar to that in the rhizosphere soil but with a prevalence of the Glomeraceae. Despite the absence of strict host specificity in mycorrhizal symbiosis, there was a preferential association between some AMF species and cowpea cultivar IT96D-610.

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Acknowledgments

This study was carried out within the framework of the research project MycoVigna, Program of Cooperation for Scientific and Academic Research (CoRUS) of the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (CoRUS 6121). The authors also thank the French-speaking universities agency (Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie, AUF) for the fellowship granted to J.-M. Johnson. The constructive comments and linguistic corrections of Dr. F. Azihou, Dr. V. N. Fassinou and Dr. E. Vandamme on an earlier version of the manuscript are greatly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Campus d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Bénin

    Jean-Martial Johnson & Pascal Houngnandan

  2. Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031, Cotonou, Benin

    Jean-Martial Johnson

  3. Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM), IRD/UCAD/ISRA , Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, 18524, Dakar, Sénégal

    Aboubacry Kane

  4. UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, CNRS ERL 6300, INRA/Agrosup/Université de Bourgogne, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France

    Odile Chatagnier & Diederik van Tuinen

  5. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Département de Productions Forestières, Institut de l’Environnement et des Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina-Faso

    Kadidia B. Sanon

  6. UR MALY, Irstea, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 69626, Villeurbanne, France

    Marc Neyra

  7. IRD-Cirad-SupAgro-UM2/USC INRA, UMR113, LSTM , 34398, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France

    Marc Neyra

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  1. Jean-Martial Johnson
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Johnson, JM., Houngnandan, P., Kane, A. et al. Colonization and molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the rhizosphere of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in Benin (West Africa): an exploratory study. Ann Microbiol 66, 207–221 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-015-1097-y

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