Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dosages of adenine on intestinal microorganisms and enzyme activities, laying the experimental groundwork for subsequent exploration of the microbial mechanisms underlying diarrhea with kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Twenty-four mice were assigned to the following four groups: the control (NC) group, low-dosage adenine (NML) group, middle-dosage adenine (NMM) group, and high-dosage adenine (NMH) group. Mice in the NML, NMM, and NMH groups received 25 mg/(kg·d), 50 mg/(kg·d), and 100 mg/(kg·d) of adenine, respectively, 0.4 mL/each, once a day for 14 days. The NC group received 0.4 mL sterile water. Parameters including body weight, rectal temperature, intestinal microorganisms, enzyme activities, and microbial activity were measured. Results indicated that mice in the experimental group displayed signs of a poor mental state, curled up with their backs arched, and felt sleepy and lazy, with sparse fur that was easily shed, and damp bedding. Some mice showed fecal adhesion contamination in the perianal and tail areas. Dosage-dependent effects were observed, with decreased food intake, body weight, rectal temperature, and microbial activity and increased water intake and fecal water content. Enzyme activity analyses revealed significantly higher activities of protease, sucrase, amylase, and cellulase in intestinal contents and lactase, sucrase, amylase, and cellulase in the mucosa of the NMM group compared to those of other groups. Ultimately, the higher adenine dosage was associated with more pronounced symptoms of kidney yang deficiency syndrome, with 50 mg/kg adenine exhibiting the most substantial impact on the number of intestinal microbial colonies and enzyme activities.
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This study was approved by the Animal Ethics and Welfare Committee of the Hunan University of Chinese Medicine.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund Project in Changsha (kq2208182) and Excellent Youth Fund of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (23B0348) for the financial support of this study. Thanks to all the authors for their dedication.
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This work was supported by the Changsha Science and Technology Project (kq2208182) and Excellent Youth Fund of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (23B0348).
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MZ performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. XL designed the study, analyzed the data, performed the experiments, and reviewed the manuscript. JL analyzed the data and reviewed the manuscript. YW analyzed the data and performed the experiments. ND provided funding sources. ZT designed the study, supervised the work, and reviewed the manuscript. The decision to submit the manuscript for publication was made by all the authors. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
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This study was approved by the Animal Ethics and Welfare Committee of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (permission number: LLBH-202108080001). All authors knew and approved of this animal experiment.
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Zhou, M., Li, X., Liu, J. et al. Adenine’s impact on mice’s gut and kidney varies with the dosage administered and relates to intestinal microorganisms and enzyme activities. 3 Biotech 14, 88 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-03959-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-03959-y