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Monkeypox virus: insights into pathogenesis and laboratory testing methods

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Abstract

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic pathogen that transmits between monkeys and humans, exhibiting clinical similarities with the smallpox virus. Studies on the immunopathogenesis of MPXV revealed that an initial strong innate immune response is elicited on viral infection that subsequently helps in circumventing the host defense. Once the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a global public health emergency in July 2022, it became essential to clearly demarcate the MPXV-induced symptoms from other viral infections. We have exhaustively searched the various databases involving Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline to extract the information comprehensively compiled in this review. The primary focus of this review is to describe the diagnostic methods for MPXV such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serological assays, along with developments in viral isolation, imaging techniques, and next-generation sequencing. These innovative technologies have the potential to greatly enhance the accuracy of diagnostic procedures. Significant discoveries involving MPXV immunopathogenesis have also been highlighted. Overall, this will be a knowledge repertoire that will be crucial for the development of efficient monitoring and control strategies in response to the MPXV infection helping clinicians and researchers in formulating healthcare strategies.

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  1. Anoop Kumar and Neeraj Singh have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Biologicals, A-32, Sector-62, Institutional Area, Noida, U.P., 201309, India

    Anoop Kumar, Neeraj Singh, Anupkumar R. Anvikar & Gauri Misra

  2. Head Molecular Diagnostics and COVID-19 Kit Testing Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), Noida, U.P., 201309, India

    Gauri Misra

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  1. Anoop Kumar
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  2. Neeraj Singh
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GM contributed to conceptualization, design, and approval of work; AK and NS performed the literature search and preparation of the manuscript, and ARA critically reviewed the Manuscript.

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Correspondence to Gauri Misra.

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Kumar, A., Singh, N., Anvikar, A.R. et al. Monkeypox virus: insights into pathogenesis and laboratory testing methods. 3 Biotech 14, 67 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-024-03920-z

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