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Tangeretin confers neuroprotection, cognitive and memory enhancement in global cerebral ischemia in rats

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Abstract

Global cerebral ischemia is commonly associated with neurological deficits, including cognitive and memory impairments. The present study aims to investigate the neuroprotective, cognitive, and memory enhancement effects of Tangeretin, a flavonoid against global cerebral ischemia in rats. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and reperfusion injury method was used to induce global cerebral ischemia in rats. Motor, cognitive, and memory functions were evaluated using rotarod, grip strength, Y-maze, and Morris water maze. Further, acetylcholine esterase (AchE) enzyme activity, acetylcholine (Ach), oxidative stress markers (ROS, SOD, MDA, and CAT), inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α), and apoptotic markers (cytochrome C, caspase 9, and caspase 3) in BCCAO rats were measured following Tangeretin (5,10, and 20 mg/kg, oral) treatment. Our findings show that Tangeretin treatment significantly improved cognition and memory by enhancing Ach levels through the amelioration of AchE enzyme activity in BCCAO rats. Moreover, Tangeretin exhibited neuroprotective effects through the mitigation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the BCCAO rats. In summary, the current findings suggested that Tangeretin exhibited neuroprotection, cognitive and memory enhancement against global cerebral ischemia.

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Data availability

The authors declared that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

Abbreviations

BCCAO:

Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

AchE:

Acetylcholine esterase

Ach:

Acetylcholine

DCFH-DA:

Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

rtPA:

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

IL:

Interleukin

MWM:

Morris water maze

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

PMS:

Phenazine methosulphate

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

CAT:

Catalase

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Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received for the execution of the present study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Narayanarao Alla, Sujatha Palatheeya & Siva Reddy Challa

  2. Department of Pharmacy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar, 509001, India

    Sujatha Palatheeya

  3. Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520010, India

    Siva Reddy Challa

  4. KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Narayanarao Alla & Ramakrishna Kakarla

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  1. Narayanarao Alla
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  4. Ramakrishna Kakarla
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Contributions

ANR and SP performed the experiments, collected the data, analysed the data, and wrote the manuscript, SRC designed the study, analysed data, and revised the manuscript, and RK proofread the manuscript. All authors have approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Narayanarao Alla.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animal rights

There were no experiments involving human subjects in the current study. All the experiments involved in animals were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, Mother Teresa Pharmacy College in Sattupalli, Telangana, India (Protocol No. 2018/IAEC/03). All the experimental procedures were conducted as per the National Institutes of Health Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Publication-2011).

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Alla, N., Palatheeya, S., Challa, S.R. et al. Tangeretin confers neuroprotection, cognitive and memory enhancement in global cerebral ischemia in rats. 3 Biotech 14, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03854-y

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