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Conservation linkages of endangered medicinal plant and exploration of phytochemicals, pharmaceutical screening and in silico validation against diabetics using in vivo wild and in vitro regenerated plant Boucerosia diffusa Wight.

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Abstract

Boucerosia diffusa Wight. is an important endangered medicinal plant belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. In this study, an efficient protocol has been developed for B. diffusa using nodal explants for callus induction and direct organogenesis. The optimal callus induction (83.7%) was observed on 0.6 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in Murashige and Skoog medium. The shoot regeneration was observed on different concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2,4-D using shoot induction (88.5%) was observed on 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.6 mg/L 2,4-D. Maximum root induction frequency (85.6%) was obtained on 0.6 mg/L α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L BAP. The fully developed plants were acclimatized (98.86% survival rate) and transferred to natural photoperiod conditions. The phytochemical and pharmacological activity was determined in in vitro-regenerated plants (IRP) and was compared to in vivo wild plants (IWP). The primary and the secondary metabolite contents of bioactive compounds were significantly higher in the methanolic extract of IRP. A comparative antioxidant activity study shows IRP exhibited better scavenging activity. The antidiabetic activity of α- amylase (IC50 − 71.56 ± 15.4 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 − 82.94 ± 12.84 µg/mL) inhibitor activity also exhibited maximum in methanolic extract of IRP. Furthermore, chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria, IRP methanolic extracts showed a maximum zone of inhibition (75 µg/mL) observed against Salmonella typhi (23.5 ± 0.5 mm) compared to the IWP. Molecular docking analysis of B. diffusa inhibition of antidiabetic activity showed better affinity in β-Sitosterol.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

BAP:

6-benzylaminopurine

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DPPH⋅:

2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

EDTA:

Ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

IRP:

In vitro-regenerated plants

IWP:

In vivo wild plants

KIN:

Kinetin

MHA:

Mueller–Hinton medium,

MS medium:

Murashige and Skoog medium

NAA:

1-naphthaleneacetic acid

PVPP:

Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

ZOI:

Zone of inhibition

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Dr. M. Parthipan and Dr. I. Kanivalan, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India for plant collection and identification.

Funding

The present study was supported by RUSA 2.0. BCTRC (Ref. No.: IQAC/RUSA 2.0/PA/2021/dated: 08/01/2021) for providing financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India

    Arumugam Vignesh, Thomas Cheeran Amal, Sivakumar Janani Sree & Krishnan Vasanth

  2. ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, RS, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India

    Thomas Cheeran Amal

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India

    Subramaniam Selvakumar

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. AV and TCA contributed equally to material preparation, data collection, analysis, and writing original draft. SJS and SS provided technical support during the initial phases of analysis. KV involved in conceptualization, resources, supervision, funding acquisition, and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Krishnan Vasanth.

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Vignesh, A., Amal, T.C., Janani Sree, S. et al. Conservation linkages of endangered medicinal plant and exploration of phytochemicals, pharmaceutical screening and in silico validation against diabetics using in vivo wild and in vitro regenerated plant Boucerosia diffusa Wight.. 3 Biotech 13, 237 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03645-5

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