Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive pathogen that causes bacterial blight disease of rice worldwide. Xoo uses T3SS (type III secretion system) effectors to subvert rice innate immunity. However, the comprehensive knowledge of rice genes involved in T3SS effectors-mediated interaction remains unclear. In this study, the transcriptome profiles of rice infected with a virulent Xoo strain from North-eastern region of India relatives to its avirulent strain (that lacks functional T3SS) were analyzed at early (2–6 hpi) and late (16–24 hpi) hours of infection. Out of total 255 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), during early infection, 62 and 70 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. At late infection, 70 and 53 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The transcriptomic data identified many differentially expressed resistant genes, transposons, transcription factors, serine/threonine protein kinase, cytochrome P450 and peroxidase genes that are involved in plant defense. Pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs are involved in hormone signaling, plant defense, cellular metabolism, growth and development processes. DEGs associated with plant defense were also validated through quantitative real-time PCR. Our study brings a comprehensive picture of the rice genes that are being differentially expressed during bacterial blight infection. Nevertheless, the DEG-associated pathways would provide sensible targets for developing resistance to bacterial blight.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Director, Joint Director (Research), Head (Division of Plant Pathology), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India for their support whenever required during the execution of the project. The authors are also grateful to the scientific team of AgriGenome Labs Pvt Ltd, Smart City Kochi, Kerala, India for their support in generating the transcriptome data.
Funding
This research was funded by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, grant number BT/PR16238/NER/95/103/2015.
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Conceptualization: KKM, PJH; methodology: AK, YR, GV, AB, AQ, AL, KR, MS, TG, R, ER, SM, K, NS, CM; Formal analysis and investigation: AK, KKM, DB; writing—original draft preparation: KKM, AK; writing—review and editing: KKM, AK; Funding acquisition: KKM, PJH; resources: KKM, PJH; supervision: KKM, PJH.
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Mondal, K.K., Kulshreshtha, A., Handique, P.J. et al. Rice transcriptome upon infection with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae relative to its avirulent T3SS-defective strain exposed modulation of many stress responsive genes. 3 Biotech 12, 130 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03193-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03193-4